Associations among behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, care burden, and family‐to‐work conflict of employed family caregivers

Sakka, Mariko; Goto, Jun; Kita, Sachiko; Sato, Iori; Soejima, Takafumi; Kamibeppu, Kiyoko

doi:10.1111/ggi.13556

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…An article discussing pressure on caregivers states that no disease can place a physical and mental burden on the primary caregiver as heavy as that of dementia [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The stressors of the dementia caregiver include physical pressure, psychological pressure, social pressure, and economic pressure.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship between the Caregiver’s Stress Load and Dementia Patient Behavior: A Case Study of Dementia Specialist Outpatient Data from the Southern Medical Center of Taiwan

Liu

Lee

Chang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between caregivers’ stress loads and dementia patient behavior, including the correlation of “patient behavior” (severity and frequency), “social care system”, and “stress levels of caregivers”. The research method was based on the analysis of survey data collected at a dementia specialist outpatient clinic of a medical center in southern Taiwan from November 2013 to May 2015. Those surveyed by the center included patients who visited the hospital, and their caregivers completed a questionnaire survey. During the study period, a total of 558 questionnaires for 279 pairs were distributed, and all questionnaires were recovered. According to the survey statistics, the average age of the caregivers interviewed was 53.1 years; women accounted for 61.3% of respondents, and the duration of care exceeded three years. In terms of education, most respondents were college/university graduates. The most common surveyed relationship was that of children acting as the caregiver to a parent, and the average age of the patients was 77.73 years. Most caregivers were found to live with the patients (75.3%). In terms of severity and frequency, the surveyed items with the highest average scores were both the “delusion” item of the “patient behavior” facet, the “mental support”(mean = 1.97; standard deviation, SD = 0.869) item of the “social care system” facet, and the “social life stress” (mean = 2.26, SD = 1.510) item of the “Stress levels of caregivers” facet. The research results show that the “patient behavior” and “Stress levels of caregivers” facets have a significant positive correlation, and the “social care system” and “Stress levels of caregivers” facets have a significant negative correlation. In the future, priority of service planning and implementation of long–term policy should be given to home care, since this is a cultural characteristic of Taiwan. In circumstances where a primary caregiver takes care of family members, the patient’s behavior, length of care, mental support, and social life issues are key items that should be considered in the social welfare control service to alleviate the load of dementia patients on family caregivers.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship between the Caregiver’s Stress Load and Dementia Patient Behavior: A Case Study of Dementia Specialist Outpatient Data from the Southern Medical Center of Taiwan

Liu

Lee

Chang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The domain of behavioral and psychological symptoms investigated in this study are items related to BPSD [45], and compared with the ODLC service, the OR service had prevented the deterioration of BPSD. BPSD is associated with a high caregiver burden [46,47], and the use of care services is considered effective in reducing the BPSD and caregiver burden [16,17,19,20]. The use of the adult day-care service is reported to improve night-time sleep-related problems and depressive behaviors [17,20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Outpatient Rehabilitation Service in Preventing the Deterioration of the Care-Needs Level Among Japanese Older Adults Availing Long-Term Care Insurance: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Study

Maruta¹,

Tabira

Makizako

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Outpatient rehabilitation (OR) and outpatient day long-term care (ODLC) services are frequently used by older adult patients in Japan. However, there is a need to clarify that OR service, which has more rehabilitation professionals than ODLC, has the role of providing rehabilitation. This retrospective study examined the impact of OR services by comparing the two services based on City A data from the care-needs certification survey conducted between 2015 to 2017. We performed a propensity score matched analysis to compare the changes in the care level and function of OR and ODLC users after two years. The results showed that OR users showed a lower deterioration in care levels and less decline in the activities of daily living (ADL) in dementia and adaptation to social life. In the analysis of older adults requiring support, OR users had a lower deterioration in care levels and less decline in the ADL in dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms than ODLC users did. There was no difference between the two services with respect to older adults requiring long-term care. The OR service has had an increasingly preventive effect on the deterioration of care levels compared to the ODLC service, which was particularly evident in older adults requiring support.

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“…66,67 The LTCI system serves as a cost-saving alternative for many informal caregivers who are in the workforce and thus face the dual task of providing care and working, and thus LTCI assists caregivers in reducing family-work conflict to maintain work-life balance. 68,69 Substituting informal care for formal care is influenced by various factors, including government subsidies, economic income status, and older adults' preference. [70][71][72][73] The satisfaction level with LTCI has also been examined in other countries.…”

Section: Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of long-term care insurance in China on beneficiaries and caregivers: A systematic review

Chen

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal of Global Health Economics and Policy

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Background China’s long-term care insurance (LTCI) policy has been minimally evaluated. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of China’s LTCI pilot on beneficiaries and their caregivers. Methods This review is based on a search of peer-reviewed studies in English (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], VIP, Wanfang) databases from January 2016 through July 2020, with all studies published in English or Chinese included. We included quantitative analyses of beneficiary-level data that assessed the impact of LTCI on beneficiaries and their caregivers, with no restriction placed on the outcomes studied. Results Nine studies met our inclusion criteria. One study was a randomised trial and two used quasi-experimental approaches. Four studies examined LTCI’s effect on beneficiaries’ quality of life, physical pain, and health service utilisation; one study reported the effect on beneficiaries’ healthcare expenditures; and one study evaluated the impact on caregivers’ care tasks. These studies generally found LTCI to be associated with an improvement in patients’ quality of life (including decreased physical pain), a reduction in the number of outpatient visits and hospitalisations, decreased patient-level health expenditures (e.g. one study reported a reduction in the length of stay, inpatient expenditures, and health insurance expenditures in tertiary hospitals by 41.0%, 17.7%, and 11.4%, respectively), and reduced informal care tasks for caregivers. In addition, four out of four studies that evaluated this outcome found that beneficiaries’ overall satisfaction with LTCI was high. Conclusion The current evidence base for the effects of LTCI in China on beneficiaries and their caregivers is sparse. Nonetheless, the existing studies suggest that LTCI has positive effects on beneficiaries and their caregivers. Further rigorous research on the impacts of LTCI in China is needed to inform the future expansion of the program.

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Associations among behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, care burden, and family‐to‐work conflict of employed family caregivers

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Exploring the Relationship between the Caregiver’s Stress Load and Dementia Patient Behavior: A Case Study of Dementia Specialist Outpatient Data from the Southern Medical Center of Taiwan

Exploring the Relationship between the Caregiver’s Stress Load and Dementia Patient Behavior: A Case Study of Dementia Specialist Outpatient Data from the Southern Medical Center of Taiwan

Impact of Outpatient Rehabilitation Service in Preventing the Deterioration of the Care-Needs Level Among Japanese Older Adults Availing Long-Term Care Insurance: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Study

The impact of long-term care insurance in China on beneficiaries and caregivers: A systematic review

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