To investigate the acute effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the lifestyle and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellites. This cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study induced 203 patients who completed a questionnaire regarding stress levels and lifestyles. Data regarding stress levels, sleep time, exercise, and total diet, snack, and prepared food intake were obtained from the questionnaires. The changes in the body weight or HbA1c levels were determined by comparing the values at the time the questionnaire was administered to those noted 3 months ago. Increased levels of stress and decreased exercise levels were reported in approximately 40% and >50%. During the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a negative correlation between stress and exercise (r = -0.285, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between stress and prepared food intake (r = 0.193, p = 0.009). Decreased exercise levels (r = -0.33, p < 0.001) and increased snack consumption (r = 0.24, p = 0.002) were associated with increased body weight. Furthermore, increased total diet intake (r = 0.16, p = 0.031) was associated with increased HbA1c levels. These relationships remained significant for patients aged <65 years and patients who did not engage in regular exercise. Many patients experienced stress and lifestyle changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and these changes were associated with increased body weight and HbA1c levels.

No abstract

No abstract

on behalf of the J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators* Background--To clarify the influence of hypertension and blood pressure (BP) control on thromboembolism and major hemorrhage in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, a post hoc analysis of the J-RHYTHM Registry was performed.

Background Energy intake is important for the maintenance of muscle mass. The relationship between energy intake and sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been unclear. Methods Using a brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire we assessed habitual food and nutrient intake of patients with T2D aged ≥65 years, all of whom were Japanese and physically active, taking part in the KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort study. Patients' body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis. Sarcopenia was defined as having both a grip strength of <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women and a skeletal muscle mass index of <7.0 kg/m2 for men and <5.7 kg/m2 for women. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the effect of energy intake on the presence of sarcopenia in this cross‐sectional study of 391 patients (205 men, 186 women). Results Fifty‐five patients (14.1%) were diagnosed as having sarcopenia. Energy intake was significantly lower in patients with sarcopenia than without sarcopenia (mean  ±  SD [n = 366] 1498.8 ± 389.4 vs 1786.2 ± 706.7 kcal/d, respectively; P = 0.016). After adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking status, HbA1c, and body mass index, patients' energy intake (per 100 kcal) was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio 0.86; 95% confidence interval 0.78‐0.95; P = 0.001). Conclusion Energy intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2D.

Aims/Introduction Gut dysbiosis is generally associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of habitual dietary intake on gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not yet been explicated. This study investigated whether alteration of the gut microbiota was influenced by dietary intake of sucrose in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods In this cross‐sectional study, 97 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 97 healthy individuals were matched by age and sex, and then, fecal samples were obtained. Next‐generation sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was carried out, and functional profiles for the gut microbiota were analyzed. We selected the top 30 gut microbial genera and top 20 functional profiles for the gut microbiota specified by the weighted average difference method. The association between gut microbial genera or functional profiles and habitual dietary intake was investigated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and then, clustering analysis was carried out to clarify the impact of habitual dietary intake. Results The Actinobacteria phylum was highly abundant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas the Bacteroidetes phylum was less abundant. Diabetic‐type gut microbes, specifically Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium , were altered by sucrose intake at the genus level. Furthermore, sucrose intake was associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in the diabetic‐type functional profiles of the gut microbiota. Conclusions The gut microbiota and functional profiles for the gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly different from those in healthy individuals. Furthermore, we showed that sucrose intake was closely associated with these differences.

Omega 3 fatty acids intake is important to maintain muscle mass. However, the relationship between omega 3 fatty acids intake and sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes has been unclear. We used the brief type self administered diet history questionnaire for the assessment of habitual food and nutrient intake. Body composition of patients was evaluated using bio impedance analysis. To investigate the effect of energy intake on the presence of sarcopenia, we performed logistic regression analyses. Among the patients, 45 patients (13.2%) were diagnosed as sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia were aged [74.2 (5.7) vs 71.4 (5.9) years, p = 0.003] and lower body mass index [21.2 (3.5) vs 24.3 (4.6) kg/m 2 , p<0.001] than those without. In addition, omega 3 fatty acids intake of patients with sarcopenia was lower than that without [2.6 (1.0) vs 3.0 (1.2) kcal/day, p = 0.046]. Omega 3 fatty acids intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia (odds ratio: 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.60, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, exercise, smoking status, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake and omega 3 fatty acids intake. Omega 3 fatty acids intake was negatively associated with the presence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

We have previously reported that the creatinine (Cre) to cystatin C (CysC) ratio is associated with height-adjusted skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). However, weight-adjusted SMI is reported to be a more useful marker of insulin sensitivity than height-adjusted SMI. Thus, we hypothesized that the creatinine to (cystatin C × body weight [BW]) relationship (Cre/ [CysC × BW]) might be associated with weight-adjusted SMI. In this cross-sectional study of 169 males and 132 females, a body composition analyzer was used and the weight-adjusted SMI was calculated as (absolute muscle mass [kg]/BW [kg]) × 100. The cut-off of low muscle mass was defined as weight-adjusted SMI <37.0% for males and <28.0% for females. The Cre/(CysC × BW) was correlated with weight-adjusted SMI in both males (r = 0.484, p < 0.001) and females (r = 0.538, p < 0.001). In addition, Cre/(CysC × BW) was associated with weight-adjusted SMI in both males (standardized β = 0.493, p < 0.001) and females (standardized β = 0.570, p < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. According to the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off point of Cre/(CysC × BW) for low muscle mass was 0.0145 (area under the ROC curve [AUC] 0.756 [95% confidence interval {95% CI} 0.644-0.842], sensitivity = 0.96, specificity = 0.47, p < 0.001) in males and 0.0090 (AUC 0.976 [95% CI 0.894-0.995], sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.93, p < 0.001) in females. There is a correlation between Cre/(CysC × BW) and weight-adjusted SMI. The Cre/(CysC × BW) could be a practical screening marker for low muscle mass.