The LSH concept can measure with high reliability and concurrent or discriminant validity, and it is a different concept from outdoor life-space mobility. Life-space mobility at home may be an important factor associated with physical functions related to mobility and functional status, and measuring LSH may be useful to assess current indoor life-space activity in older adults who have difficulty performing outdoor activities.
Abstract. [Purpose] We conducted a noncontrolled intervention study in community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke hemiplegia as subjects to examine the effectiveness of a 6 month low-frequency combined functional training program on enhancing factors related to physical performance, such as leg muscle strength, postural balance, and gait function. We also examined whether medium-term changes in physical performance correlated with time from stroke onset or degree of hemiplegia. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-two individuals with chronic stroke hemiplegia who were using an adult day-care facility were enrolled in a combined functional training program consisting of stretching, muscle strengthening, postural balance training, and gait training once or twice a week for 6 months. The main outcomes measured were indices of physical performance -such as leg muscle strength (measured at about 1 repetition maximum [1RM] on a leg press machine), the functional reach test, the timed "up and go" test, comfortable gait speed, and maximum gait speed -and the Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS).[Results] After 6 months of intervention, significant improvements were observed in all of the above-mentioned outcome measures of physical performance. No significant correlations were found between the percentage changes of physical performances after the intervention and time from stroke onset or BRS.[Conclusion] The 6 month low-frequency combined functional training program at an adult day-care facility results in medium-term improvements in leg muscle strength, postural balance and gait performance in community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke hemiplegia.
Abstract. Physical Performance Test (PPT) is a performance-based measurement that correlates well with degree of disability, loss of independence, and early mortality. However, it has not been introduced in Japan. The purpose of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of PPT for the Japanese elderly people. Thirty-nine Japanese elderly community-dwellers with a mean age of 82.5 participated in this study. We revised some parts of the original version of the PPT (JPPT). Barthel Index (BI), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology of Index of Competence (TMIG-index of competence), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Japanese-version PPT (JPPT) were simultaneously conducted. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability was assessed for JPPT. Intraclass correlation coefficient for interrater reliability of JPPT was greater than 0.95. Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability were 0.85 and above. JPPT was significantly correlated with TMIG-index of competence (r=0.667, p<0.01) and BI (r=0.581, p<0.01) but was less significantly correlated with MMSE (r=0.319, p<0.05). JPPT has a good to high degree of reliability and validity, reflects physical, mental and social functional domain, and appears acceptable and meaningful to examiners and Japanese elderly people.
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