The
addition of benzyl methacrylate–methacrylate copolymers
to diesel significantly improves its cold flow properties, but it
is always limited by a large dosage. To improve the depressing efficiency
further, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), as a polar nitrogenous compound,
was introduced, and a series of methacrylate-benzyl methacrylate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
terpolymers (R1MC-MB-NVP) was synthesized at different
molar ratios (1:1:1, 5:1:1, 10:1:1, 15:1:1, and 20:1:1). Those terpolymers
were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA). Their effects on the cold filter plugging point (CFPP)
and solid point (SP) of diesel fuel were evaluated. With 2000 ppm
of C14MC-MB-NVP (15:1:1), treated diesel has an improved
depression on the solid point (SP) by 23 °C, whereas C16MC-MB-NVP (5:1:1) treated diesel indicates an improved reduction
on the CFPP by 14 °C. However, combined PPDs (PPDC-6) of C14MC-MB-NVP (15:1:1) and C16MC- MB-NVP (5:1:1) in
a mass ratio of 1:4 present the best depressing effects, and the SP
and CFPP of diesel treated with 2000 ppm PPDC-6 are decreased by 29
and 15 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the action mechanism of
PPDs was studied by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning
calorimetry, and rheology analysis. Results showed that the introduction
of NVP into PPDs not only improves the solubility and dispersity of
wax crystals in diesel but also facilitates the formation of hydrogen
bonds between PPDs and other polar substances and further disperses
wax crystals into wax crystal molecules by the hydrogen bond ability.
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