The rapid development of lightweight and wearable devices requires electronic circuits possessing compact, high‐efficiency, and long lifetime in very limited space. Alternating current (AC) line filters are usually tools for manipulating the surplus AC ripples for the operation of most common electronic devices. So far, only aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) can be utilized for this target. However, the bulky volume in the electronic circuits and limited capacitances have long hindered the development of miniaturized and flexible electronics. In this work, a facile laser‐assisted fabrication approach toward an in‐plane micro‐supercapacitor for AC line filtering based on graphene and conventional charge transfer salt heterostructure is reported. Specifically, the devices reach a phase angle of 73.2° at 120 Hz, a specific capacitance of 151 µF cm−2, and relaxation time constant of 0.32 ms at the characteristic frequency of 3056 Hz. Furthermore, the scan rate can reach up to 1000 V s−1. Moreover, the flexibility and stability of the micro‐supercapacitors are tested in gel electrolyte H2SO4/PVA, and the capacitance of micro‐supercapacitors retain a stability over 98% after 10 000 cycles. Thus, such micro‐supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance can be almost compared with the AECs and will be the next‐generation capacitors for AC line filters.
The
intestinal epithelium is derived from intestinal stem cells
(ISCs) and has direct contact with nutrients and toxins. However,
whether methionine (Met) or a methionine hydroxyl analogue (2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic
acid (HMB)) can alleviate deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal
injury remains unknown. Mice were treated orally with Met or HMB on
days 1–11 and with DON on days 4–8. On day 12, the mice
were sacrificed, and the jejunum was collected for crypt isolation
and culture. Mouse enteroids were treated with DON and Met or HMB
ex vivo. The results showed that Met and HMB increased the average
daily feed intake and average daily gain of the mice. Met and HMB
also improved the jejunal structure and barrier integrity and promoted
ISC expansion, as indicated by the increased enteroid formation efficiency
and area, under DON-induced injury conditions. In addition, DON-induced
decreases in ISC activity were rescued Wnt/β-catenin signaling
reactivation by Met or HMB in vivo and ex vivo. Collectively, our
findings reveal that Met and HMB alleviated DON-induced intestinal
injury by improving ISC expansion and reactivating Wnt/β-catenin
signaling. Our study thus provides a nutritional intervention for
intestinal diseases involving Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.