Brimonidine 0.2% and phenylephrine 0.12% have no effect on eyelid aperture, but naphazoline 0.05% eyedrops could be useful for temporary relief of upper eyelid ptosis in selected patients.
Purpose:To evaluate the effects of the topical liver hypothermia and IPC combination against I/R injury after initial reperfusion. Methods: In 32 Wistar rats, partial liver ischemia was induced for 90 minutes in normothermia (IN), ischemic preconditioning (IPC), 26ºC topical hypothermia (H) and 26ºC topical hypothermia plus IPC (H+IPC). MAP, body temperature and bile flow were recorded each 15 minutes. Plasmatic injury markers and tissue antioxidant defenses were assessed after 120 minutes of reperfusion. Results: MAP and body temperature remained constant during all experiment. Bile flow returned to levels similar to controls after 45 minutes of reperfusion in the H and H+IPC groups and increased significantly in comparison to the NI and IPC groups after 105 and 120 minutes. AST and ALT increased significantly in the normothermic groups in comparison to controls. TBARS levels decreased significantly in the H+IPC group in comparison to the other groups whereas Catalase levels increased significantly in the IPC group. SOD levels were significantly higher in the H group in comparison to all groups. Conclusion: The induction of 26ºC topical hypothermia associated or not to IPC protected the ischemic liver against ischemia/reperfusion injuries and allowed an early recovery of the hepatic function. Key words: Ischemia. Reperfusion. Ischemic Preconditioning. Hypothermia. Liver. Rats. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da hipotermia hepática tópica combinada ao pré-condicionamento isquêmico na proteção dos danos iniciais de isquemia e reperfusão. Métodos: Trinta e dois ratos Wistar foram submetidos à isquemia hepática parcial durante 90 minutos em Normotermia (IN), Pré-condicionamento Isquêmico (IPC), Hipotermia a 26ºC (H) e Hipotermia a 26ºC mais PCI (H+PCI). A PAM, a temperatura corporal e o fluxo biliar foram aferidos em intervalos de 15 minutos. Marcadores plasmáticos de danos hepáticos e as defesas antioxidantes foram avaliados após 120 minutos de reperfusão. Resultados: A PAM e a temperatura corporal permaneceram constantes durante o experimento. O fluxo biliar retornou a valores semelhantes ao grupo C nos grupos H e H+PCI após 45 minutos de reperfusão e aumentou significativamente nos grupos H e H+PCI em comparação aos grupos IN e PCI após 105 e 120 minutos. Os níveis plasmáticos da AST e ALT demonstraram aumento significativo no grupo IN em comparação ao grupo C. Os níveis de TBARS diminuíram significativamente no grupo H+PCI em comparação aos grupos IN, PCI e H. Os níveis de Catalase aumentaram significativamente no grupo PCI em comparação aos grupos C, IN e H+PCI. Os níveis de SOD foram significativamente maiores no grupo H em comparação aos grupos C, IN, PCI e H+PCI. Conclusão: A hipotermia tópica protegeu o fígado isquêmico contra os danos de isquemia e reperfusão e permitiu uma recuperação precoce da função hepática.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate intraocular pressure in very low birth weight preterm infants and correlate it with postconceptional age.METHODS:The intraocular pressure in a prospective cohort of very low birth weight premature infants (defined as a birth weight ≤1,500 g and gestational age ≤32 weeks) admitted to Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil was evaluated weekly. The evaluated outcome was the variation in the intraocular pressure following changes in the postconceptional age (defined as the gestational age at birth plus the age in weeks at the time of examination) in the weeks following preterm birth. Mixed-effects models were used for the statistical analysis to determine the intraocular pressure variation according to postconceptional age, and means and 10th and 90th percentiles were calculated for the intraocular pressure values.RESULTS:Fifty preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 29.7±1.6 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1,127.7±222.7 g were evaluated. The mean intraocular pressure for the entire cohort considering both eyes was 14.9±4.5 mmHg, and 13.5% of all recorded intraocular pressure values were greater than 20 mmHg. The analysis revealed a mean reduction in the intraocular pressure of 0.29 mmHg for each increase in postconceptional age (p = 0.047; 95% CI: −0.58 to −0.0035). The mean intraocular pressure (P10–P90) decreased from 16.3 mmHg (10.52–22.16) at 26.3 weeks to 13.1 mmHg (7.28–18.92) at 37.6 weeks of postconceptional age.CONCLUSIONS:The mean intraocular pressure in very low birth weight preterm infants was 14.9±4.5 mmHg. This value decreased 0.29 mmHg per week as the postconceptional age increased.
This study identified that lashes in the lateral portion of lower eyelid tend to maintain the same angular position throughout life. On the central and medial portions it tends to approach a 90° angle with age. The authors believe that this modification throughout life may be related to factors, such as involutional horizontal eyelid laxity and orbicular muscle modifications.
The present model allows the induction of topical hepatic hypothermia associated or not to IPC. New studies to evaluate the possible synergistic effects of these tools can be reproduced without significant changes in macrohemodynamics and body temperature, or in other words, under stable conditions.
InTRODUÇÃOOs tumores do estroma gastrointestinal (GISTs) ocorrem predominantemente de forma esporádica e representam cerca de 1% de todas as neoplasias do trato gastrointestinal 12 . As evidências atuais apontam que a origem dos GISTs tem relação direta com as células intersticiais de Cajal, as quais fazem parte do plexo mioentérico do trato digestivo e são responsáveis pelo controle da motilidade intestinal 9 . Em geral os GISTs são neoplasias bem delimitadas que se projetam exofiticamente em direção à luz do órgão envolvido. Podem provocar sintomas obstrutivos e sangramento agudo ou crônico. Com menor frequência eles se expandem através da serosa e seu diâmetro pode atingir dezenas de centímetros 2 .A neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF-1) ou doença de Von Recklinghausen é uma das desordens genéticas mais comuns e afeta cerca de 1 em cada 3.500 indivíduos 3 . Ela engloba um amplo espectro de manifestações patológicas que aparecem em diversas partes do corpo, com envolvimento dos tecidos cutâneo, ósseo, nervoso e de partes moles. Os achados mais comuns são manchas cutâneas do tipo "café-com-leite" 3 . Uma apresentação característica é o achado de neurofibromas de pele disseminados pela superfície corporal. Os indivíduos portadores apresentam risco aumentado de desenvolver neoplasias malignas em geral, incluindo tumores carcinóides, feocromocitoma e GISTs 14 . Em uma série de necropsias em pacientes com neurofibromatose tipo 1, foi detectada a presença de GISTs incidentais em um terço dos indivíduos 5 . No entanto, a verdadeira incidência dos GISTs e a possibilidade destes tumores se tornarem clinicamente significantes não é conhecida.O presente artigo relata um caso incomum de múltiplos GISTs associados à neurofibromatose tipo 1 que foram diagnosticados incidentalmente em paciente apresentando quadro de abdome agudo. RELATO DO CASO
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