Context: One of the main types of nasal deformity is unilateral cleft lip/palate, which affects the process of breathing and smelling. It is supposed that nasoalveolar molding (NAM) has a positive effect on the reduction of the tension in lips and helps to simplify or even eliminate the subsequent orthodontic treatment. Objective: This systematic review of papers focused on the effectiveness of NAM in patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate. Data Sources: The web search of Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases Study Selection: The identification of 1282 articles published up to 2018. The selected papers were screened based on the eligibility criteria after the thorough investigation of the titles and abstract. In the next step, article inconsistent with our objectives were removed from the current study. Afterward, the papers were thoroughly studied and data related to our study goals were extracted and recorded in predetermined extraction forms. After the full-text evaluation of the articles, results in the selection of 22 articles. Data Extraction: The search process was performed by the following keywords in combination with nasoalveolar molding or pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding or pre-surgical orthopaedic appliances: unilateral cleft lip/palate, UCL/P, Cleft lip, Cleft palate. Results: Based on the literature review, various studies have supported the effectiveness of nasoalveolar molding appliance therapy on nasal symmetry in unilateral clefts of the lip and/or palate treatment. Conclusions: The NAM therapy is effective in decreasing the severity of the initial cleft deformity, as well as repositioning of deformed nasal cartilage and alveolar process. It has many beneficial results in surgical outcomes. However, the long-term effect of this approach has remained unclear.

According to our optimized system, the TPA design with the highest energy and moment, but the lowest mesializing force associated with derotating a maxillary molar tooth was a parallel wire II design (i.e. adding a straight wire).

Context: Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital birth malformations in the oral and maxillofacial area. Lip reconstruction or cheiloplasty is an important issue for these patients, and is performed around three months of age. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding have become part of the treatment protocol in many cleft centers to improve the treatment outcome and commonly employed to reduce the alveolar segments into proper alignment and to improve nasal symmetry in patients with cleft lip and palate The aim of this article is to review the value of this technique as part of the treatment protocol for infants born with cleft lip and palate. Evidence Acquisition: In this review, the electronic databases ISI, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles published from 2000 to 2018 were retrieved and underwent abstract and full-text appraisal. The following search terms were used: "nasoalveolar molding", "cleft lip and palate", "presurgical orthopedics", and "nasal stent". Results: Presurgical nasoalveolar molding can reduce the severity of the initial cleft deformity, wherein the bony segments are slowly moved to a more favorable position, lessening the amount of surgical correction that is needed to bring the lip segments together while simplifying the surgical approach for the nose. Conclusions: The primary surgical repair of the lip and nose heals under minimal tension, thereby reducing scar formation and improving the esthetic result. Frequent surgical intervention to achieve the desired esthetic results can be avoided by presurgical nasoalveolar molding.

Introduction: The spread of Covid-19 disease resulted in major public health problem around the world and the closure of dental clinics. Thus, millions of orthodontic patients were unable to complete their treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the problems of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in Sari during the Coronavirus pandemic in 2021. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients who underwent active orthodontic treatment and referred to the dental clinics in Sari in 2021. The sample size was 200 people who were included in the study by a convenience sampling method. Data were collected by a standard questionnaire based on a Boostati study and analyzed in SPSS-22 software. Results: A total of 200 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included in the study. Among them, 153 patients (76.5%) were female and their mean age was 18.92 ± 7.23 years. Seventy patients (35%) did not receive orthodontic treatment during the Covid-19 pandemic and 58 patients (82.9%) missed their visit for one or two months.