In spite of accruing concerted scholarly and managerial interest since the 1950s in corporate social responsibility (CSR), its implementation is still a growing topic as most of it remains academically unexplored. As CSR continues to establish a stronger foothold in organizational strategies, understanding its implementation is needed for both academia and industry. In an attempt to respond to this need, we carry out a systematic review of 122 empirical studies on CSR implementation to provide a status quo of the literature and inform future scholars. We develop a research agenda in the form of an integrated framework of CSR implementation that pronounces its multi-dimensional and multi-level nature and provides a snapshot of the current literature status of CSR implementation. Future research avenues relating to multi-level studies, theoretically supported research models, developing economy settings, and more are recommended. Practitioners can also benefit through utilizing the holistic framework to attain a bird’s eye view and proactively formulate and implement CSR strategies that can be facilitated by collaborations with CSR scholars and experts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10551-022-05047-8.

Highlights The extant research on balanced scorecard (BSC) in the hospitality and tourism industry. The trends and effectiveness of balanced scorecard (BSC). How to develop the understanding and practice of balanced scorecard (BSC). Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a key component in developing sustainable tourism. Balanced scorecard (BSC) contributes to the development of new tourism management.

No abstract

PurposeAlthough corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature has been under research since its advent in the 1950s, scholars have only recently begun to examine the overly neglected Arab region along with other developing countries. As this region harbors more scholarly interest through its rising global impact and engagement in CSR, the authors seek to learn from the extant CSR literature in the West.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a tertiary review of 97 CSR review studies and propose five broad future research topics that scholars can examine and learn from, in their examination of CSR in general and particularly in the Arab region.FindingsThe knowledge gaps proposed for future scholarly research include (1) surveying CSR measurement tools, (2) conducting multi-level studies on CSR, (3) studying the interaction effects in CSR-performance relationship, (4) exploring CSR in service industries and (5) examining the implementation of CSR.Originality/valueIn reviewing the general CSR review literature, the authors provide a tertiary review on CSR that is one of the first of its kind for the topic under study. Further, the proposed future research agenda is a step forward towards advancing the less-examined CSR research in the Arab region.

No abstract