In this research, a new single-phase direct AC-to-AC converter, operating in buck and boost mode, with a bipolar voltage gain, is proposed. The operation is accomplished through high frequency direct and indirect PWM control of a single switch with low voltage stresses. This reduces, not only the control effort, but also the switching losses. The low voltage stresses across the high frequency switches, reduce the dv/dt problem significantly without any loss and bulky voltage snubber arrangement. The operation, in its all-operating modes, has a low inductor ripple current and switching current. The proposed converter may be employed as an AC voltage restorer in a power distribution system to cope with the voltage sag and swell issues. The detailed analysis of the proposed converter is carried out in order to compare its performance with the existing converters. The simulation results obtained using the MATLAB/Simulink environment are verified through experimental results.

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The suggested single-phase ac-to-ac matrix converter operated with inverting and noninverting characteristics may solve the grid voltage swell and sag problem in power distribution system, respectively. It is also employed as a direct frequency changer for domestic induction heating. The output voltage is regulated through duty cycle control of high frequency direct PWM (DPWM) and indirect PWM (IDPWM) switching devices. The DPWM control switches control the switching states of IDPWM switching devices. The inverting and noninverting characteristics are achieved with low voltage stresses and hence low dv/dt across the high and low frequency-controlled switches. This reduces their voltage rating and losses. The high voltage overshoot problem in frequency step-up operation is also analyzed. The sliding mode (SM) controller is employed to solve this problem. Pulse selective approach determines the power quality of load voltage. The validity of the mathematically computed values is carried out by modelling the proposed topology in MATLAB/Simulink environment and through hardware results.

Voltage sags and swells are the major problems of the power distribution system that arise due to uneven distribution of the single-phase and nonlinear loads. They severely degrade the power quality and may cause the failure of the equipment at the user's side. The voltage sag and swell issues are compensated by operating the AC voltage controllers with bipolar voltage gain characteristics. In these converters, high switching voltage and current, and a large number of switching devices are the main issues that cause unwanted power losses and result in reduced efficiency of the system. High voltage stresses may cause device failure due to the increase in dv/dt rating. The large count of switching devices results in high cost and high conversion losses. So here, we propose a novel AC converter with fewer switching devices that reduces switching voltage and current to have low conversion losses. The amplitude of the output is governed through the direct PWM control (DPWM) of one switch that controls the switching state of the other switch indirectly called indirect PWM control switch (IDPWM). The detailed analysis of the proposed converter is carried out to compare its performance with the existing converters. MATLAB/Simulink environment-based simulation results are proved through the experimental results obtained by developing a hardware prototype. INDEX TERMS Bipolar voltage gain, power distribution system, power quality, PWM control, switching and conduction losses, switching voltage, voltage sag and swell.

Induction heating (IH) is an environmentally friendly solution for heating and melting processes. The required high-frequency magnetic field is accomplished through frequency controllers. Direct frequency controllers (DFC) are preferred to dual converters as they have low conversion losses, compact size, and simple circuit arrangement due to low component count. Numerous frequency controllers with complex switching algorithms are employed in the induction heating process. They have a complicated circuit arrangement, and complex control as their switching sequences have to synchronize with source voltage that requires the zero-crossing detection of the input voltage. They also have a shoot-through problem and poor power quality. Therefore, this research proposes a novel frequency controller with a low count of six controlled switching devices without a zero-crossing detector (ZCD) having a simple control arrangement. The required switching signals are simply generated by using any pulse-width-modulated (PWM) generator. The performance of the proposed topology is verified through simulation results obtained using the MATLAB/Simulink environment and experimental setup.