Skin is one of the crucial body organs which its anatomy and physiology are linked with various disorders including congenital or acquired diseases. Nowadays, mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-based therapy has become a promising therapeutic field, which is expected to help in the treatment of the most costly and incurable diseases. However, it could be questioned whether the use of MSCs has improved in clinical trials studies and diseases treatment. In this study, we review the clinical trials using MSCs in skin diseases. A remarkable number of clinical trial studies are in progress in this field, however, some have had early benefits to patients. We discuss here relevant papers and ongoing clinical trials that address MSC's therapeutic goals for various skin disorders, while this review can be very useful for both dermatologists and basic skin researchers, with the aim of contributing to stem cell-based therapeutic research in the area of skin disorders.

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Background: Breast cancer is caused by breast tissue malignant cells and it has become one of the main medical concerns with a socio-economic significance especially for women. Among the multiple factors involved in the initiation, progression, and invasion of breast cancer, oxidative stress plays an important role. Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were determined to find a defined pattern of oxidative stress in these patients. Methods: The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (as an indicator of lipid peroxidation), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (n=38) and controls (n=38) were assessed using blood samples. Results: MDA level and SOD activity were significantly higher in the breast cancer patients compared to the healthy subjects group (p<0.05). Compared to the healthy group, GPX activity decreased significantly in patients group (p<0.05). Conclusions: High lipid peroxidation is an important risk factor for breast cancer and the increased levels of superoxide anion in breast cancer cells may be a reason for the induction of SOD activity. Nevertheless, oxidative stress is an important factor in development and progression of breast cancer. Further studies on it can lead to a more helpful approach to management of breast cancer.

Background: CEA and CA 15.3 serum tumor markers are currently used in clinical practice for monitoring therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum level of these markers among healthy females and invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) patients and to determine any relationships with clinicopathological factors. Materials and Methods: 60 Iranian females were enrolled in this study, 30 healthy and 30 diagnosed with breast cancer who had not received any preoperative chemotherapy or hormone therapy. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used for the quantitative determination of the cancer associated antigens, CEA and MUC1 (CA15-3). Results: The serological levels of CEA and CA15-3 (5.0033±0.49 µg/L and 178.1667±15.11 U/ml) in the breast cancer patients were significantly higher (p=0.00) than the serum levels of normal controls (1.1237±0.11 µg/L and 21.13±3.058 U/ml). Regarding the CEA marker, a significant correlation with grade of tumor was shown. Furthermore, there was a low correlation between CA15-3 and CEA marker with correlation coefficient r=0.08. Conclusions: Collectively, markedly high levels of CEA and CA15-3 were found in our patients, pointing to their use as additional tools after clinical diagnosis.