The electrochromic properties of the viologenanchored mesoporous TiO 2 (Meso-TiO 2 ) films were investigated in this work. The Meso-TiO 2 films, synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process, deposited on ITO electrodes were a worm-like structure with an average pore diameter of 7.0 nm. The electrochromic devices (ECDs) fabricated from the Meso-TiO 2 demonstrated 3 times of coloration efficiency and considerably faster switching response, compared with those from the nanocrystalline films made of the 7 nm-sized TiO 2 nanoparticles. The advantage of the Meso-TiO 2 would originate from the well-organized mesopore structures, offering an efficient electrolyte transport as well as the fast electron transfer from the ITO electrode to the anchored viologen.
The device performance of nanoscale fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) was investigated by numerically solving coupled Poisson-Schrödinger equations in a self-consistent manner. The number of fins was varied in order to optimize the current driving capability of FinFET. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results in order to verify the validity of the proposed quantum mechanical approach. Device optimization was theoretically performed in order to suppress the short-channel effect in terms of subthreshold swing, threshold voltage roll-off, and drain-induced barrier lowering. Quantum mechanical simulation results were also compared with the results from the classical approach in order to understand the influence of electron confinement. Our simulation results indicate that quantum mechanical simulation is essential for the realistic optimization of the FinFET structure.
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