Purpose: To determine the changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses in patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Methods: Patients diagnosed with unilateral non-infectious AAU and normal control were enrolled retrospectively. Optical coherence tomography scans were performed during the initial active phase and inactive phase of AAU. Patients were followed for at least 3 months after resolution of inflammatory activity. Results: Thirty-seven AAU patients and 40 controls were included. The average RNFL andcentralmacularthickness(CMT)showedsignificantdifferencesbetweenpatientsand control groups during active phase (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). The average pRNFL thicknesses of affected eyes and fellow eyes during the active phase were 109.4 AE 12.5 lm and 96.5 AE 8.0 lm, respectively (p < 0.001). During the inactive phase, the average thicknesses were 99.3 AE 8.9 lm and 97.0 AE 7.5, respectively; they were not significantly different (p = 0.236). The CMTs of affected and fellow eyes during the active phase were 261.6 AE 24.7 lm and 251.5 AE 17.3 lm, respectively; the difference was significant (p = 0.047). The average GC-IPL thicknesses of affected and fellow eyes were not significantly different (p = 0.061). Conclusions: The pRNFL and central macula thickened during the active phase of AAU and decreased to a similar degree with fellow eyes during the inactive phase. Additionally, pRNFL thickness showed a sensitive response to the degree of inflammation in AAU. This suggests that pRNFL thickness may be useful in assessing disease activity.
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