OLEDs have excellent ambient contrast, because OLEDs with a circular polarizer can effectively reduce the reflectance caused by external light. However, for better blackness, it is necessary to improve reflectance and reflection color. By applying new material, blackness of OLED TV is improved.
In this paper, we propose a novel electrode structure, which exhibits high-aperture ratio, in the super in-plane switching (S-IPS) liquid crystal (LC) cell for high transmittance. Generally, the transmittance of the S-IPS LC cell is not superior to other LC mode using the multi domain effect because of the low aperture ratio. To improve the aperture ratio of the S-IPS cell, we found the method to minimize the black matrix (BM) area by applying the novel electrode structure which can move the disclination from the active area. As a result, we found that the proposed electrode structure could provide higher aperture ratio than that of the conventional type by reducing the BM area, so that we could achieve the high transmittance compared to the conventional structure. We used the commercial software 'TechWiz LCD' for calculation of the director configuration, which applies Q-tensor method.
We have studied the efficiency improvement of OLED TVs using high transmittance technology and reversed quarter wave plate (r‐QWP) of the improved polarizer. It helped that the efficiency of OLED went up, so that power consumption and life time of OLED panels have been improved. In this paper, study on the efficiency improvement of OLED TV using new high transmittance polarizer will be presented.
We have developed the following methods and successfully applied them in the case of several highly air-sensitive inorganic and organometallic compounds without the use of a cold stream of nitrogen (e.g. Watson, Rao, Dorfman & Holm, 1985;Rao, Dorfman & Holm, 1986;Snyder, Rao & Holm, 1986; Bianconi et ai., 1987;Vrtis, Rao, Warner & Lippard, 1988;Villacorta, Rao & Lippard, 1988). Selection and mounting of crystals are performed in a glove (dry) box maintained under an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. While working, we found interesting ways of splitting multiple crystals (aggregates), sizing them to the required dimensions and also shaping them to minimize absorption effects, simply by rubbing these crystals gently on the gloves (inside the dry box) and/or rolling them in a small pool of solvent in which the compound is moderately soluble. While rubbing the crystals on the gloves, we were often able to differentiate powdered lumps from single crystals. This method overcomes the use of a microscope in the dry box. Satisfactory crystals are loaded into Lindemann-glass capillaries of appropriate size and wedged into the narrow portion, often with a light touch of apeizon grease that is free from heavy elements. Application of the apeizon grease not only ensures the position of the crystal in the capillary (free from wobbling), but also provides extra protection from deterioration by unidentified means through the formation of a thin film on the crystal. Crystals losing solvent of crystallization and/or becoming opaque outside the mother liquor are coated with a thin film of '5-minute' epoxy resin. Of course, in this case apeizon grease is not required. The open ends of these loaded capillaries, normally cup portions, are plugged with vacuum grease or candle wax before being brought out of the glove box. Immediately after they are brought out, these are sealed in a fine flame. Subsequently, selection of good crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction is done by examining these sealed capillaries under a microscope, preferably in polarized light.This method has worked successfully for a large number of very air-sensitive and thermal-insensitive (at ambient temperatures) compounds and yields good X-ray diffraction data at minimum cost, besides providing convenient and easy handling techniques. No cold stream of liquid nitrogen has been used in this process. These methods are, in fact, applied routinely in our laboratories to handle highly airsensitive compounds and to collect their X-ray diffraction intensities. It is conceivable that this method will provide single crystals of air-sensitive compounds suitable not only for X-ray diffraction studies but also for other physicochemical measurements. AbstractSWATAB is a Fortran IV computer program which helps in obtaining most of the required tables for crystal structure publication from the widely used SHELX76 program output. The strategy, installation, required local modifications, merits and limitations are discussed.
We studied anti-reflection conditions in plastic Organic Light Emitting Diodes (pOLED) display to obtain a uniform neutral black in all of viewing angles. Well-known anti-reflection design is consist of retardation (Rin) and wavelength dispersion of a quarter wave plate. However, we realized that a viewing angle anti-reflection condition is determined by a total out plane retardation (Rth) of a polarizer. We defined Rin & Rth behaviors related with reflectance of pOLED display. These researches can be achieved better products appearance by obtaining the best antireflection conditions.
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