In this article, the new of the transmission‐line (TL) using π‐type parameter is suggested and it applied to the design of a hybrid branch‐line coupler (HBC). The new HBC is small size than conventional HBC and the designed HBC is used by entire distributed elements. Then, the sizes of the new and conventional HBCs are 9.86 × 11.1 mm2 and 28.2 × 28.6 mm2, respectively. The advantage of the proposed HBC structure has very simple structure and low cost. The proposed HBC using π‐type TL can be applied to mobile communication system.
impedance observed at port 3; Z 31 is the mutual impedance between ports 1 and 3; and Z 23 is the mutual impedance between ports 2 and 3. Z L is the terminated load impedance at port 3, which is zero in this case. A lumped inductor or capacitor can be added to the ground shorting pin to control Z L , and the location of the ground shorting pin can be controlled to control the Z 33 term of (Z 33 1Z L ) can be controlled such that Z 0 12 can be reduced, respectively.
| E XP ER IM ENT AL RE S ULTSAs listed in Table 1, the measured average TIS values of the antenna with and without the ground shorting pin showed significant differences. The reference design, lacking the ground shorting pin, had the measured average TIS of 277.81 dBm and the proposed design, including the ground shorting pin, had the measured average TIS of 280.04 dBm, indicating that the antenna was made 2.23 dB more sensitive by including this feature. Additionally, the ground shorting pin affected only the antenna sensitivity, not the total radiated power (TRP) of the antenna.
| C ONCL US I ONA highly sensitive antenna design using a ground shorting pin has been proposed. The inclusion of this pin had a significant effect on antenna sensitivity, and when its position was changed, the effect of the digital noise upon the antenna sensitivity changed. Therefore, by applying the decoupling technique in practice, we can reduce the effect of digital noise upon antenna sensitivity.
In this article, the reduced size of the ultra‐wide band (UWB) band‐pass filter (BPF) with λg/4 short stubs using π‐type meander structure and folding short stubs is presented. The π‐type meander structure and folding short stubs are adopted instead of the λg/4 transmission line (TL) and λg/4 short stubs to reduce the size of the proposed BPF. The overall size of the new BPF is reduced by 72.5% over the conventional BPF and other filters. The measurement results of the insertion and return losses are 1.61 and 15.4 dB with a bandwidth of 125% (1.96‐9.20 GHz) at a center frequency of 5.8 GHz. The total size of the BPF is 5.13 × 5.36 mm2. It is applied to a coordinate intelligent transport system. The proposed BPF can be fabricated for semiconductors because of its planar structure.
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