Hydrogen is a promising future sustainable fuel candidate with boundless opportunities. Research into photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting based on a lead halide perovskite (LHP) has progressed significantly with the aim of more efficient solar hydrogen production. Herein, we unite a well-known photo-absorbing LHP with cost-effective water-splitting catalysts, and we introduce two types of monolithic LHP-based PEC devices that act as a photocathode and a photoanode for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, leading to efficient unbiased overall water splitting.Through the integration of these two monolithic LHP-based photoelectrodes, an unbiased solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 10.64% and a photocurrent density of 8.65 mA cm −2 are achieved.perovskite, photoelectrochemical cell, photoelectrode, unassisted | INTRODUCTIONPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, 1 a promising artificial photosynthesis method, is a potential alternative technique for generating renewable fuel. Conventional PEC devices with metal oxides can generate renewable energy sources, such as hydrogen, from water splitting, which can alleviate CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels. However, most readily employed metal oxide-based PEC devices exhibit poor photocurrent density under 1 sun conditions and Carbon Energy.
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