In the context of globalized markets and localized R&D structures, tertiary (also called higher or university) education becomes one of the main factors facilitating economic performance. In the face of globalization and digitalization, substantial institutional changes, reforms and merges of universities represent a challenge for the higher education in the 21st century. These changes go hand in hand with economic development and global economic growth as far as higher education significantly impacts economic performance of regions and countries. European Union (EU) also faces these challenges and therefore has to promote higher education policies and invest into tertiary education in order to increase the level of human capital of its citizens with the purpose of achieving competitiveness on the global markets and higher economic growth. Our paper focuses on the reforms in higher education that are currently taking place worldwide and employ best practices occurring in universities throughout the world. In particular, we show that higher education has a positive impact on the economic performance as well as on the individual social and economic performance. We employ an empirical model that demonstrates the tertiary
About 10% of the world population suffered from hunger in 2018. Thereby, the main objective of this research is the identification of environmental drivers and inhibitors of a country’s food security in the short and long run. The Food Security Index (FSI) was constructed from 19 indicators using Principal Component Analysis. Identification of the short- and long-run relationships between the FSI and environmental factors was realized with the pooled mean-group estimator for 28 post-socialistic countries for 2000–2016. Empirical research results showed that a country’s food security in the short run is affected by greenhouse gas emissions but boosted by the increase of renewable energy production. Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, electrification of rural populations, access to clean fuels, renewable energy production, arable land, and forest area growth might be essential tasks in order to ensure countries’ food security in the long-run.
Ukraine has enough biomass resources for biogas production. However, this energy potential is not used sufficiently. This research is aimed at examining the current experience of commercial biogas systems in the Europe Union and its adaptation for Ukraine. Special attention was paid to economic indicators, such as specific investment costs, production costs (biogas, biomethane, and electricity), and incentives. Using statistical data for the European Union and Ukraine, the biogas potential for Ukraine (based on European experience) was determined. The economic competitiveness of biogas production was evaluated compared to alternatives, such as photovoltaic, wind power, biomass, conventional fuels, and liquid biofuels. The results showed that biogas complexes have higher specific investment costs and produce more expensive electricity. It was highlighted that agricultural residues and industrial waste are sustainable feedstocks for biogas systems. A perspective biogas plant is a plant that is an integrated part of the circular bioeconomy that is based on organic residues. Biomethane production (as a substitution for vehicle fuel) combined with capture and utilization of carbon dioxide is a more profitable pathway. Awareness and perception of the importance of biogas are key factors for the development of the biogas industry. To develop an effective strategy for the biogas industry, it is necessary to create a positive image in order to raise awareness and knowledge of biogas technologies.
The objective of this research was to focus on a new approach to consequence assessment of a company's technological development. In view of the impact of a company's technical and technological development regime on the efficiency of its operation, we used the method of assessing the core business along with pairwise comparisons to assess the basic business potential of a single company and related groups. Our proposed method for evaluating the business core was based on the technique of pairwise comparisons using the work of T. Saaty along with Fishburn's method. We analyzed the hierarchical structure of the chosen enterprises using the following metrics: products, consumers, intangible assets, distribution channels and capital. In order to identify the technological basis of the enterprise's competitive advantages, we first initiated a decomposition of the enterprise's technological structure: business core, periphery and prospects. We used data obtained from the machine-tool sector of Ukraine, a country which demonstrates how a lack of effective technological development along with inadequate tools for the development and implementation of technological strategies can lead to significant destructive effects on national competitiveness. In particular, we pointed to a decrease in rates of return and profitability of production. In conclusion, we argue that a passive management policy of an enterprise with regard to its technological development can lead to catastrophic consequences for competitiveness in terms of innovation and development.
Оцінка фактОрів впливу на прОдуктивність праці машинОбудівних підприємств гірничОдОбувнОї прОмислОвОсті Purpose. The article is devoted to the investigation of factors influencing labour productivity of machine-building enterprises in mining industry and to their evaluation in order to increase the competitiveness. To develop ways to increase the competitiveness of engineering enterprises within the same mining industry by the means of increasing their labour productivity. To determine the relationship between labour productivity at engineering enterprises of mining industry and return on assets as well as return on sales using correlation analysis. To ground and to explain the indicator of labour as basis for the formulation of quantitative and qualitative indicators used in further assessment of production competitiveness at machine-building enterprises. Methodology. The study uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction (in determining the factors affecting company's productivity), systematization and generalization (to clarify the relationship between living and materialized labour, to suggest new ways to increase productivity and, thus, enhance enterprises' competitiveness), correlation analysis (in determining the relationship between labour productivity at machine-building enterprises of mining industry and the indicators of return on assets and return on sales). Findings. Impacts on productivity of machine-building enterprises within the mining industry are analysed and explained. Forms of labour productivity are investigated on the sample of these enterprises. Ways for further improvement are determined concerning the increased productivity of these enterprises that are producing equipment for the mining industry which include: improving the organization of production and labour through formation of labour force possessing newest qualifications; transformation of factors of macroeconomic environment of these enterprises, especially those of ecological sphere; structural transformation of production, aimed at modernization of fixed assets; creation and development of necessary social infrastructure; ensuring business competitiveness based on the definition of marginal productivity. The authors suggest new directions of increasing enterprises' competitiveness through implementation of following measures: revision of the key competitive strategies; increase in revenue through higher prices and raised marketing spendings; cost cutting; reduction of illiquid assets; combining all these methods from above. It is also recommended to ensure these enterprises' competitiveness on the basis of determining their marginal productivity. The degree of influence of return on assets and sales margins on productivity of machine-building enterprises within the mining industry is established using correlation analysis. Originality. The level of labour productivity is economically grounded through the use of both quantitative and qualitative indicators directed on the measurement of the competitiveness...
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