Objectives: to present the main evidence, recommendations and challenges for maternal and child health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: narrative review of national and international documents and reflections on the theme. Results: the coexistence ofpregnancy/puerperium and COVID-19 infection establishes many challenges. It is extremely important that the conduct should be individually adopted, covering all aspects of health in the mother-child binomial, estimating risks and benefits of each decision. Until now, it is recognized that natural childbirth should be encouraged and breastfeeding maintained, if adequate hygienic-sanitary care is ensured. Cesarean delivery and the isolation and separation of the mother-child contact without breastfeeding, will only be eligible when the clinical status of the mother or child is critical. The child must be included in all stages of health care, as this commonly asymptomatic group plays an important role in the family's transmissibility of the disease. Routine immunization should be provided, as well as clinical assistance when necessary, and families must be assisted in favor of their well-being. Conclusion: at the moment, it is not possible to measure the consequences of this new pandemic on maternal and child health, demanding attention to its evolution and new evidences about the implications in mother and child care.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the schoolchildren diet and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children from public schools in Southeast of Brazil, aged eight to 12 years old. A questionnaire was applied to the students to investigate anthropometric data, eating and lifestyle habits and food consumption. The consumption of UPF was evaluated by two 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR) of non-consecutive days, and the NOVA method was adopted for food classification. The sample was estimated considering the percentage of total caloric value from UPF identified by a similar study (n=260). The association between variables was evaluated by Simple and Multiple Logistic Regression. Results: The average energy consumption was 1992 kcal/day, 25.2% from UPF. Schoolchildren had a mean of 9.8±0.5 years of age, 53.4% were female and 32.6% were overweight. The most consumed UPF were industrialized pastas, sweet biscuits, sausages, chocolate powder and soft drinks. In the multivariate model, schoolchildren who have the habit of TV watching during meals and those with obesity presented 1.87 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.03-3.39) and 2.05 (95%CI 1,01-4.20) times more chance of having higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, respectively. Conclusions: The contribution of UPF was expressive in the feeding of the students and it was positively associated with the excess of weight and with the habit of eating while watching television. These findings indicate the importance of nutritional interventions to promote healthy habits, thus preventing overweight during childhood.

Resumo A anemia é um problema de saúde pública que acomete cerca de 30% das gestantes brasileiras, podendo acarretar efeitos deletérios à saúde e qualidade de vida do binômio mãe-filho. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os fatores assistenciais e gestacionais associados à anemia entre nutrizes atendidas em um banco de leite humano (BLH) de referência. Estudo transversal com dados secundários referentes a informações sociodemográficas e gestacionais de 12283 nutrizes no período de 2009 a 2012. Aplicaram-se os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Estimaram-se as Razões de Prevalência (RP) e respectivos Intervalos de Confiança-IC95%, por meio da Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Identificou-se a prevalência de anemia em 29,2% da amostra, sendo maior entre as mães que não realizaram o pré-natal (RP = 3,84; IC95% 3,26-4,54); as que realizaram até 3 consultas pré-natais (RP = 1,92; IC95% 1,21-3,06) e aquelas que tiveram gestação múltipla (RP = 2,29; IC95% 1,25-4,19). Os resultados apontaram maior prevalência de anemia entre as mulheres que não realizaram o pré-natal apropriado e as que tiveram gestações múltiplas, destacando-se a importância da assistência à saúde como fator de prevenção à anemia e demais intercorrências gestacionais.

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This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with nipple lesion development in puerperae. Analyses were performed using the Poisson regression with robust variance. The level of significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). We evaluated 1270 puerperae, among whom 193 (15.4%) presented with nipple lesions. The condition was more prevalent among the mothers who did not receive information about breastfeeding [PR, 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-2.42], those who underwent cesarean delivery (PR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.02-2.16), those who used a pacifier (prevalence ratios (PR), 2.04; 95% CI, 1.05-3.95), those who used baby formula only (PR, 1.61; 95% CI, 4.82-5.36) and those who used baby formula combined with breastfeeding (PR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.06-2.45). A lower incidence of nipple lesions was observed among those who did not receive information on hand expression of breast milk (PR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.93) and those who did not breastfeed in the first hour of life (PR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.97).