Purpose The effect of empowering leadership on knowledge sharing is well defined, but factors that stimulate employees for knowledge sharing are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to address to what extent empowering leadership is desirable to create a trustful and fair environment that is conducive for an employee’s knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach Through integration of social exchange, equity and uncertainty management theories develop a moderating mediating model that links empowering leadership to knowledge sharing. Three-wave data collection from the sample of 375 managers–subordinates’ dyads was done in Pakistan textile industries. Findings Hierarchal regression analysis and bootstrapping method were applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that affective trust partially mediates the relationship between empowering leadership and knowledge sharing. More especially, the findings demonstrate that the relationship between empowering leadership and knowledge sharing becomes strong with high level of distributive and procedural justices. Practical implications This research study uses empowering leadership as a proposed motivational pathway for stimulating employee’s knowledge sharing through development of affective trust and buffering effect of distributive and procedural justices. Originality/value Most of previous research in knowledge sharing just cynosure organizational-level elements like leadership and organizational justices but deteriorate individual factors like trust. Therefore, this study will combine both organizational- and individual-level factors for urging employees for knowledge sharing.
Requirements engineering activities act as a backbone of software development. The more efforts devoted during requirements engineering activities guarantee a better software product. Appropriate selection of requirements has been a challenge for software industry. This selection will increase the probability of success of the software product. Each year many cases are registered against companies for not fulfilling product requirements appropriately. The product failure mostly depends on, either by missing important requirements or capturing irrelevant requirements. SDLC consists of stages where software starts from scratch to a refined product. Requirements Development Life cycle (RDLC) consists of stages where requirements gets initiated, raised, refined, forcefully changed, implemented and validated. The processes to capture requirements vary industry to industry. This paper presents several requirements engineering processes used during the development of requirements, in industry. These processes will identify appropriate requirements and develop a quality product within budget on time. These practices are captured within the Pakistan software industry. This paper also explains the motivations for selecting particular methods, within company, during requirements development and the results associated with it. The processes captured in this paper, from different companies, can be an education for software industry.
The primary aim of the research was to explore the influence of capital structure based on the business performance in context to the moderating role of firm size. In consideration of the main aim of the study, the objectives of the research were to comprehend the notion of the impact of capital structure on the firm performance with regards to the moderating role of firm size, to examine the factors affecting the capital structure on the firm performance in context to the moderating role of firm size, to determine the relationship of capital structure on the firm performance considering the moderating role of firm size, to address recommendations with accordance to capital structure on the firm performance: moderating role of firm size. Secondary data collection method has been utilised to attain the fresh and unique findings. In this context, data has been collected from the annual reports of the Pakistan commercial banks from the years 2011 till 2020. The banks included as Allied Bank Limited, Askari Bank Limited, Habib Bank Limited, MCB Bank Limited, Meezan Bank Limited, Faysal Bank Limied, United Bank Limited, Silk Bank Limited, National Bank of Pakistan and Bank Al-Habib Limited. For such concern, data has been collected in respective to the independent and dependent variables including ROE, ROA, total asset, total debt and equity. It has been validated that the firm performance is largely dependent on the firm capital structure specifically in terms of debt and equity. As the independent variables total equity and debt has been resulted as the significantly correlated with the dependent variable ROE and ROA. Whilst the moderating variable total asset also has the significant impact on the dependent variables. Key Words: ROE , ROA , Capital Structure
The primary aim of the research was to explore the influence of capital structure based on the business performance in context to the moderating role of firm size. In consideration of the main aim of the study, the objectives of the research were to comprehend the notion of the impact of capital structure on the firm performance with regards to the moderating role of firm size, to examine the factors affecting the capital structure on the firm performance in context to the moderating role of firm size, to determine the relationship of capital structure on the firm performance considering the moderating role of firm size, to address recommendations with accordance to capital structure on the firm performance: moderating role of firm size. Secondary data collection method has been utilised to attain the fresh and unique findings. In this context, data has been collected from the annual reports of the Pakistan commercial banks from the years 2011 till 2020. The banks included as Allied Bank Limited, Askari Bank Limited, Habib Bank Limited, MCB Bank Limited, Meezan Bank Limited, Faysal Bank Limied, United Bank Limited, Silk Bank Limited, National Bank of Pakistan and Bank Al-Habib Limited. For such concern, data has been collected in respective to the independent and dependent variables including ROE, ROA, total asset, total debt and equity. It has been validated that the firm performance is largely dependent on the firm capital structure specifically in terms of debt and equity. As the independent variables total equity and debt has been resulted as the significantly correlated with the dependent variable ROE and ROA. Whilst the moderating variable total asset also has the significant impact on the dependent variables. Key Words: ROE , ROA , Capital Structure
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