Introduction Burn injuries are frequently encountered in emergency cases and often become the port of entry for pathogens. More than 450,000 burn injuries occur annually causing nearly 3,400 deaths in the United States. The prevalence of burn injury in Indonesia is 0.7% in 2013. More than half of these According to several studies on the use of patients were treated for bacterial infections, some of which were resistant to certain antibiotics. Using hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to treat burns has several positive effects including managing bacterial infections, as well as accelerating the wound healing process. Therefore, this study aims to prove the effectiveness of HBOT in inhibiting bacterial growth. Methods This is an experimental research study in rabbits using a post-test control group design. 38 rabbits were given second-degree burns on the shoulder region with a metal iron plate that has been previously heated for 3 min. Bacterial cultures were taken on days 5 and 10 after exposure to the burns. The samples were divided into two groups, HBOT and control. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U method. Results Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequently found pathogen in both groups . Citrobacter freundi was the most common Gram-negative bacteria (34%) found in the culture results of both groups. In contrast to the control group, there was no bacterial growth found in the HBOT group's culture results, (0%) vs (58%). A significant reduction of bacterial growth was observed in the HBOT group (69%) compared with the control group (5%). Bacterial levels stagnated in 6 rabbits (31%) in the HBOT group and 7 rabbits (37%) in the control group. Overall, there was significantly less bacterial growth in the HBOT treatment group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion HBOT administration can significantly reduce bacterial growth in burn injuries.
Management of wound has improved together with development of medical sciences, especially biomolecular science and traumatology. Wounds, especially burn wound is prone to edema and infection, associated with a lot of free radicals. Due to tissue edema, hypoxia and hypoperfusion occur. Exposure of high pressure oxygen increase gamma interferron (IFN-γ) which further induces nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and VEGF. Besides that, IFN-γ increases the number of T helper 1 cells (TH-1) which influence B cells to produce IgG. Due to the increased IgG, the phagocytosis effect of leucocytes increase, therefore, it is assumed that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) can reduce the degree of infected wound. This study aimed to analyze the effect of HBO2 on the numbers of bacteria in deep burn wound (2nd degree) in rabbits. This was a pure experimental study with a post test group design. Samples were 34 rabbits with deep burn wound (2nd degree) on their backs sized 2x1 cm. On day-5, bacteria cultures were obtained from all the wounds, and then the rabbits were divided randomly into 2 groups: treated with HBO2 and without; each group consisted of 17 rabbits. On day-10, the second bacteria cultures were done. The numbers of bacteria of the two groups were compared before and after HBO2. The results showed that distribution of bacteria in the two groups were as follows: Citrobacter freundii (34%), Citrobacter difersus (32%), Proteus vulgaris (13%), Citrobacter mirabilis (10.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.5%). The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in the number of bacteria between the 2 groups before and after treatment (P < 0.001). The treated group showed a decrease of bacteria number. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy could reduce the number of bacteria in burn wounds.Keywords: burn wound, hyoperbaric oxyhen therapy, bacteriaAbstrak: Paradigma penatalaksanaan luka berubah seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu kedokteran, khususnya bidang ilmu biomolekuler dan traumatologi. Dalam bidang luka, terutama luka bakar, bagian tubuh mengalami edema dan infeksi. Pada bagian ini ditemukan radikal bebas dalam jumlah besar. Akibat edema jaringan terjadi hipoksia karena hipoperfusi. Paparan oksigen tekanan tinggi menyebabkan peningkatan interferon gamma (IFN-γ) yang menginduksi nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) dan VEGF. IFN-γ meningkatkan sel T helper 1 (TH-1) yang memengaruhi sel B untuk menginduksi Ig-G. Dengan meningkatnya Ig-G, efek fagositosis dari leukosit juga akan meningkat, sehingga dapat diasumsikan bahwa hiperbarik mengurangi derajat infeksi pada luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh terapi oksigen hiperbarik (TOH) terhadap jumlah kuman pada luka bakar derajat dua dalam pada hewan coba kelinci. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental murni dengan desain post test kelompok. Penelitian dilakukan pada 34 kelinci yang diberikan luka bakar derajat dua dalam di daerah punggung dengan ukuran 2x1 cm. Pemeriksaan kultur kuman pada luka bakar dilakukan dua kali. Pada hari ke-5 diambil kultur dengan cara swab pada semua luka bakar di bagian punggung 34 kelinci, setelah itu kelinci dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok yaitu yang menerima perlakuan TOH total 17 kelinci dan kelompok kontrol yang tidak menjalani TOH sebanyak 17 kelinci. Pada hari ke-10 setelah menyelesaikan TOH dilakukan kultur kuman pada luka bakar dengan cara swab pada kedua kelompok. Jumlah bakteri dibandingkan pada kedua kelompok sebelum dan setelah pengobatan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan berdasarkan distribusi jenis kuman pada dua kelompok dalam penelitian ini ditemukan Citrobacter freundii (34%), Citrobacter difersus (32%), Proteus vulgaris (13%), Citrobacter mirabilis (10,5%), dan Staphylococcus aureus (10,5%). Uji Mann-Whitney U menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna jumlah kuman antara kedua kelompok sebelum dan sesudah diberikan TOH dengan nilai P <0,001 di mana kelompok TOH menunjukkan penurunan jumlah kuman. Simpulan: TOH dapat mengurangi jumlah kuman pada luka bakar kulit.Kata kunci: luka bakar, TOH, kuman
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