The review, based on modern literature data and the results of many years of research conducted by the authors, highlights the problem of comorbidity (multimorbidity) in children with bronchial asthma (BA). There is a grouping of concomitant diseases in children with asthma depending on the type of comorbidity (causal, complicated, unspecified, reverse). Based on epidemiological data, observational and cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, information on the frequency of BA in children with various comorbid diseases and comorbid diseases in children with BA was summarized. Scientific, theoretical and practical significance of comorbidity in BA, diagnostic and treatment programs in pediatric patients suffering from BA and comorbid diseases are substantiated.
The article presents the first descriptions of observations in the Russian Federation, the difficult path to diagnosis in two young girls with diseases associated with mutations in the filamin A gene, characterized by damage to the central nervous system (periventricular nodular heterotopy), lungs (interstitial emphysematous lesion due to impaired growth), cardiovascular system (open arterial duct, high pulmonary hypertension, insufficiency of heart valves, large vessels). Clinical and anamnestic data, the results of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, including molecular genetic ones, which allowed to identify unique, previously undescribed mutations, the characteristics of the course of the disease, the treatment being carried out, are presented.
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