Nanosized iron clusters investigated with in situ transmission electron microscopy Vystavel, T.; Palasantzas, G.; Koch, S. A.; de Hosson, J. Th. M.

Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. In this work we investigate the coalescence aspects of Co nanoparticles. It was observed that nanoparticles in contact with the substrate are relatively immobile, whereas those on top of other Co particles can rearrange themselves during high-temperature annealing and further coalesce. Indeed, similar size particles prior to coalescence come at close proximity forming an arc-shaped area, which leads to finite-size necking and thereafter to coalescence towards a single partially spherical particle. This is in contrast to the theoretical predictions where necking occurs following an initial pathway of a point contact. Moreover, it was shown that after necking a transient period of relatively fast coalescence occurs followed by a slower coalescence rate at constant speed towards a single particle with partial spherical shape. In addition, the coalescence is faster with decreasing particle size, where in the case of unequal size the smallest particle is mainly absorbed by an adjacent large one in an Ostwald ripening process.

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In this work we report on the magnetic characterization of thin films composed of gas-phase cobalt nanoclusters deposited on surfaces. Measurements of magnetization curves at ambient temperature indicate a strong exchange interaction between the clusters, while at cryogenic temperatures an exchange bias field appears. The latter confirms the existence of a ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic core-shell system. Temperature-dependent magnetization measurements under zero-field-cooled conditions showed a rather broad maximum situated around 200 K. Magnetic force microscopy indicates the formation of a correlated super-spin-glass ͑CSSG͒ resulting from the frustration between the interparticle exchange interaction and the randomly oriented intraparticle anisotropy. The approach to saturation of the magnetization curves at 295 K is consistent with a CSSG.

There is currently great interest in combining focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscopy technologies for advanced studies of polymeric materials and biological microstructures, as well as for sophisticated nanoscale fabrication and prototyping. Irradiation of electrically insulating materials with a positive ion beam in high vacuum can lead to the accumulation of charge, causing deflection of the ion beam. The resultant image drift has significant consequences upon the accuracy and quality of FIB milling, imaging and chemical vapour deposition. A method is described for suppressing ion beam drift using a defocused, low-energy primary electron beam, leading to the derivation of a mathematical expression to correlate the ion and electron beam energies and currents with other parameters required for electrically stabilizing these challenging materials.

Colloidal gold nanoparticles represent technological building blocks which are easy to fabricate while keeping full control of their shape and dimensions. Here, we report on a simple two-step maskless process to assemble gold nanoparticles from a water colloidal solution at specific sites of a silicon surface. First, the silicon substrate covered by native oxide is exposed to a charged particle beam (ions or electrons) and then immersed in a HF-modified solution of colloidal nanoparticles. The irradiation of the native oxide layer by a low-fluence charged particle beam causes changes in the type of surface-terminating groups, while the large fluences induce even more profound modification of surface composition. Hence, by a proper selection of the initial substrate termination, solution pH, and beam fluence, either positive or negative deposition of the colloidal nanoparticles can be achieved.

A liquid droplet sitting on top of a pillar is crucially important for semiconductor nanowire growth via a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. For the growth of long and straight nanowires, it has been assumed so far that the droplet is pinned to the nanowire top and any instability in the droplet position leads to nanowire kinking. Here, using real-time in situ scanning electron microscopy during germanium nanowire growth, we show that the increase or decrease in the droplet wetting angle and subsequent droplet unpinning from the growth interface may also result in the growth of straight nanowires. Because our argumentation is based on terms and parameters common for VLS-grown nanowires, such as the geometry of the droplet and the growth interface, these conclusions are likely to be relevant to other nanowire systems.