The purpose. To study fytosanitory state of sowings of winter wheat at different systems of fertilizing with the purpose of optimization of system of its protection against illnesses and pests. Methods. Field, laboratory, analysis of variance. Results. Results of long-term researches in fytosanitory state of sowings of winter wheat are presented at different systems of fertilizing, and the expediency of chemical crop protection during vegetation is justified. Conclusions. It is fixed that application of collateral products of the pease, the moderate doses of artificial fertilizers, in particular nitrogenous in dose of 60-120 kg/hectare at ratio of nitrogen and potassium 1,3:1 in techniques of growing of winter wheat ensures congenial fytosanitory state of sowings and restricts application of fungicides and disinsectants during vegetation of crop. Use of large doses of artificial fertilizers (N300P150K150; N120, N240P80K100 and N180P135K135) promotes increase of numerosity of pathogenic fungi in soil, reinforces strikeness of plants with root rots, floury dew, septoria spot of leaves, invading with sucking pests that causes intense chemical protection of plants. Key words: winter wheat, phytopathogenic complex, phytophags, pathogenic mycoflora of soil, artificial fertilizers, collateral products of the predecessor, chemical protection.Comprehensively reasonable use of fertilizers is very important prerequisite for optimizing how technology growing winter wheat in a whole, as its component of integrated plant protection from harmful objects. Fertilizers effect on winter wheat communities and are one of the important factors from which depends the condition of both plants and pests. This effect appears in the microclimate changes in crops, morphological and physiological characteristics of plants, shifting phenological stages of their development, and it is already create conditions for oscillations in a rather wide range of levels of development and reproduction of pests and diseases [1,2].The use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers traditionally considered an important measure that improves the phytosanitarycondition ofagrocenoses [3]. It is known that phosphorus-potassium fertilizers promote plant resistance, and excess nitrogen leads to increased reproduction of aphids, mites and other pests and diseases [4,5, 6]. Of particular importance are potash fertilizers. Increased potassium nutrition of plants provides the formation of their stronger skeletal tissuesandalso cell wall and cuticle that prevents penetration into the cell phytopathogens. Given sufficientpotassiumNutrition in plants activates the biosynthesis of phenolic compoundsthen play an important role in plant immunity [7,8,9].On the other hand, nitrogen fertilizers, creating excess nitrates in the soil, increase its conductive properties, resulting inphytopathogenicmicromyceta are not only superior but also capable under optimal conditions actively infect susceptible plants. Moreover, according to V.О.Chulkyna and others (2009), with an excess of nitr...
In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.
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