Goal. To investigate the influence of weather conditions, to specify the terms of sowing in an autumn period and their influence on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat’s agrocenosis in the Forest-steppe zone. In conditions of climate change, specify the quantitative composition of the entomological and on phytopathogenic complexes in winter wheat chrops and the peculiarities of their manifestation. Methods. Field research, laboratory research, and analytical research. The field researches have been conducted in the conditions of monitoring inspections. The results of the experimental data are counted and collected using modern standard computer programs (Word, Excel). Results. Influence of weather conditions was investigated in the autumn period (air temperature, amount of precipitation) for 2006—2016 and the long-term seasonal dynamics of the number of basic wreckers on winter wheat sowing and detected features during climate change. Many years of weather conditions during winter wheat sowing have been analyzed. Conclusions. Global warming and drought caused by it in the autumn period prolonged the term of the autumn vegetation of winter wheat. Through droughty conditions, or over wetting optimal terms of sowing were displaced for later. It was researched that optimal terms of winter wheat sowing are considered in the zone of the North Forest-steppe from 15—25 September, which is allowed until 30 September. The increase in air temperature and a sufficient amount of precipitation in the autumn period leads to dissemination of sowing the most widespread wreckers and affection of plants by diseases. With the approach of ETL, there may be a need for protective measures in the conditions of early sowing and prolonged warm autumn, especially after colony precursors. Autumn spraying crops with fungicidal agents prevents plant infections by pathogens in the early phases of plant development.
The purpose. To study fytosanitory state of sowings of winter wheat at different systems of fertilizing with the purpose of optimization of system of its protection against illnesses and pests. Methods. Field, laboratory, analysis of variance. Results. Results of long-term researches in fytosanitory state of sowings of winter wheat are presented at different systems of fertilizing, and the expediency of chemical crop protection during vegetation is justified. Conclusions. It is fixed that application of collateral products of the pease, the moderate doses of artificial fertilizers, in particular nitrogenous in dose of 60-120 kg/hectare at ratio of nitrogen and potassium 1,3:1 in techniques of growing of winter wheat ensures congenial fytosanitory state of sowings and restricts application of fungicides and disinsectants during vegetation of crop. Use of large doses of artificial fertilizers (N300P150K150; N120, N240P80K100 and N180P135K135) promotes increase of numerosity of pathogenic fungi in soil, reinforces strikeness of plants with root rots, floury dew, septoria spot of leaves, invading with sucking pests that causes intense chemical protection of plants. Key words: winter wheat, phytopathogenic complex, phytophags, pathogenic mycoflora of soil, artificial fertilizers, collateral products of the predecessor, chemical protection.Comprehensively reasonable use of fertilizers is very important prerequisite for optimizing how technology growing winter wheat in a whole, as its component of integrated plant protection from harmful objects. Fertilizers effect on winter wheat communities and are one of the important factors from which depends the condition of both plants and pests. This effect appears in the microclimate changes in crops, morphological and physiological characteristics of plants, shifting phenological stages of their development, and it is already create conditions for oscillations in a rather wide range of levels of development and reproduction of pests and diseases [1,2].The use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers traditionally considered an important measure that improves the phytosanitarycondition ofagrocenoses [3]. It is known that phosphorus-potassium fertilizers promote plant resistance, and excess nitrogen leads to increased reproduction of aphids, mites and other pests and diseases [4,5, 6]. Of particular importance are potash fertilizers. Increased potassium nutrition of plants provides the formation of their stronger skeletal tissuesandalso cell wall and cuticle that prevents penetration into the cell phytopathogens. Given sufficientpotassiumNutrition in plants activates the biosynthesis of phenolic compoundsthen play an important role in plant immunity [7,8,9].On the other hand, nitrogen fertilizers, creating excess nitrates in the soil, increase its conductive properties, resulting inphytopathogenicmicromyceta are not only superior but also capable under optimal conditions actively infect susceptible plants. Moreover, according to V.О.Chulkyna and others (2009), with an excess of nitr...
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