Aim. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of types of fertilizer on increasing soil fertility and corn yield of grain and sorghum in conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince. Methods. Carrying out some field experiments: conducting observations and laboratory tests, selection of soil and plant samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods: statistical processing of yield data was carried out by the method of variance analysis based on Kirov Federal State Unitary Enterprise and FSBSI Dagestan Agricultural Research Institute named after F.G. Kisriev. Results. Studies showed that in the post-harvest period after harvesting winter wheat, it is better to cultivate green manure with the presence of legumes. A valuable biological feature of them is the ability to absorb atmospheric nitrogen. The powerful root system of the seeding pea improves the physical properties of the soil, as well as microbiological activity. The most favorable conditions are created for the growth and development of maize and sorghum, after plowing of fertilizers in the stubble period in the conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince, by applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N150 P75 K75, seeding peas, manure (30 t / ha), In these cases, on average, over two years, the highest yield of maize was 5.6-5.7-5.5 t / ha and grain sorghum, respectively, 4.7-4.8-4.5 t / ha. Conclusion. For the first time, in conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince, were obtained the results on the effectiveness of different types of fertilizers introduced into the soil.
The article presents the results of a field experiment on the different fertilizers effect (green manure, manure, straw, mineral fertilizers) on the soil agrochemical properties under the Terek-Sulak plain of the Republic of Dagestan irrigation conditions. At the experimental Kirov station, of the Khasavyurt District on a total area of 1505 m2 in 2015-2019 were studied the content of the main nutrients in cattle manure, the phytomass of green manure crops and the dynamics of fertilizers for nutrients in the arable layer. Green manure crops (seed peas, spring rape, and amaranth) were sown during the stubble period after harvesting winter wheat. The plowing under of green manures herbage was carried out in the initial phase of budding, winter wheat straw – 2 t / ha, cattle manure – 30 t / ha, mineral fertilizers – N150P75K75. Then water-charging irrigation was used 1000-1200 m3 / ha. Soil studies revealed that in the areas of the experiment where the sowing peas grew, nitrate nitrogen for the entire growing season next year contained 37.8-54.1 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus under crops of spring grain crops – 33.0-34.84 mg / kg of soil was noted in spring and to autumn its amount in the topsoil was gradually decreased (23.5-24.9 mg / kg). The exchangeable potassium amount in the meadow chestnut soil (control without fertilizers) was varied slightly. The manure application by its positive effect on the specified soil regime approaches to the spring rape and amaranth green mass plowing under. The most favorable soil regime under irrigated conditions were formed during plowing of the sowing peas green mass.
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