The data of the researches describes the were to establish the species composition of pasture cenoses and the productivity potential of light-chestnut and meadow-chestnut soils under different climatic conditions and in different periods of the year in the Terek-Kuma lowland of the North-Western Precaspian. Two peaks of productivity of phytocoenosis have been observed: the first is – ephemeral synusia in the middle of May- early June; second – motley grass and saltworts in the second half of September. The data on receipt of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the soil surface and the coefficient of its use over the years and periods of the year depending on the hydrothermal conditions and dynamics of harmful salts in the soil are given. On light-chestnut soil formed cereals-wormwood, grass-cereals, wormwood-ephemeral in combination with wormwood-saltworts association, and meadow-chestnut soil – ephemera-wormwood. The phytocenosis on light-chestnut soil is inherent in the maximum species diversity – 35 species. On meadow-chestnut soil there are only 25 species. The items of the changes in the species composition of phytocenoses depending on the environmental factors are considered. The data in this article support and augment information presented in the research articles
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The data on receipt of photo synthetically active radiation (FAR) on the soil surface and the coefficient of its use over the years and periods of the year depending on the hydrothermal conditions and dynamics of harmful salts in the soil are given. The items of the changes in the species composition of phytocenoses depending on the environmental factors are considered.
On meadow–chestnut soils of Dagestan, in irrigated conditions, in a multifactorial experience, the dependence of the quality characteristics of soybean seeds on sowing methods, seeding rates and the systematic use of herbicides has been studied. It was established that physical qualities of seeds were better on variants with the use of herbicides treflan and permethrin, in pure form and in a mixture. A decrease in the physical qualities of soybean seeds is observed during the transition to more thickened, narrow–row seeding. Systemic use of herbicides: bazagran on the background treflan + prometrin increases germination energy, laboratory and field. On the same background of herbicides in thickened crops, these figures are significantly reduced. The herbicides tested did not affect the damage to seeds by pests and diseases and did not have a significant negative effect on the accumulation of protein in soybean seeds.
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