Aim To estimate the arylesterase activity of serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1-ARE), which is reported to have an antioxidant and antiatherogenic potential and to correlate with plasma homocysteine (Hcys) and plasma TBARS in young adult central retinal venous occlusion (CRVO) patients. Methods A case-control prospective study carried out in 10 CRVO patients (mean age 27 ± 5 years; 7 males, 3 females) and 20 healthy controls (mean age 29 ± 5 years; 15 males, 5 females). Results The CRVO patients showed a significantly lowered serum PON1-ARE activity (P ¼ 0.009) along with a significant increase in the levels of plasma Hcys (P ¼ 0.018) when compared to the control subjects. There was a negative correlation between serum PON1-ARE and plasma Hcys levels (P ¼ 0.058) as well as between PON1-ARE and plasma TBARS levels (P ¼ 0.001) in the CRVO patients. Conclusion This is the first report of lowered serum PON1-ARE level as a risk factor for CRVO (OR ¼ 1.108, CI ¼ 0.914, 1.314; P ¼ 0.296), which is found to correlate with oxidative stress.

BackgroundFunctionalized gold nanoparticles are emerging as a promising nanocarrier for target specific delivery of the therapeutic molecules in a cancer cell, as a result it targeted selectively to the cancer cell and minimized the off-target effect. The functionalized nanomaterial (bio conjugate) brings novel functional properties, for example, the high payload of anticancer, antioxidant molecules and selective targeting of the cancer molecular markers. The current study reported the synthesis of multifunctional bioconjugate (GNPs-Pep-A) to target the cancer cell.MethodsThe GNPs-Pep-A conjugate was prepared by functionalization of GNPs with peptide-A (Pro-His-Cys-Lys-Arg-Met; Pep-A) using thioctic acid as a linker molecule. The GNPs-Pep-A was characterized and functional efficacy was tested using Retinoblastoma (RB) cancer model in vitro.ResultsThe GNPs-Pep-A target the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RB, Y79, cancer cell more effectively, and bring down the ROS up to 70 % relative to control (untreated cells) in vitro. On the other hand, Pep-A and GNPs showed 40 and 9 % reductions in ROS, respectively, compared to control. The effectiveness of bioconjugate indicates the synergistic effect, due to the coexistence of both organic (Pep-A) and inorganic phase (GNPs) in novel GNPs-Pep-A functional material. In addition to this, it modulates the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by two–threefolds as observed.ConclusionsThe effects of GNPs-Pep-A on ROS reduction and regulation of antioxidant genes confirmed that Vitis vinifera L. polyphenol-coated GNPs synergistically improve the radical scavenging properties and enhanced the apoptosis of cancer cell.

According to studies earlier, amino acids have proven to be antidiabetic, antiglycating, and anticataractogenic. The present study was to explore whether amino acids as mixtures could enhance glucose uptake in CHO-K1 cells specifically. The cells in F-12K1 serum-free medium were exposed to normal (7 mM) and high glucose (12, 17 and 27 mM) in the presence and absence of amino acids mixture (AAM) in varying concentration (2.5, 5 and 10 mM). The mixture 5 and 10 mM AAM increased the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake at all glucose concentration significantly. There was also a significant increase in the GLUT4 (glucose transporter) translocation as revealed by flow cytometer. Addition of a mixture of amino acids was found to improve cell viability, which got altered by high glucose in the CHO-K1 cells. Amino acids as mixture had a beneficial effect in improving the net utilization of glucose as an additive effect with insulin.