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BACKGROUND Papillary carcinoma is a frequently reported thyroid malignancy. Diagnosis is based on the microscopic architecture and the characteristic nuclear features such as nuclear clearing, grooves and pseudo inclusions which can be seen on routine haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Many morphological variants of this entity have been reported in the literature, classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) being the most common variant. Follicular, solid, tall cell, columnar etc., are the other variants. Some of these variants cause diagnostic difficulties on histopathological examination and also they have varied prognostic implications. METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive study which included 44 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed on histopathology over a period of 3 years. RESULTS Classical PTC was the most common variant (52.3%), followed by papillary micro carcinoma (13.6%), follicular variant (11.4%), mixed type that had features of both papillary and follicular (9.1%), tall cell and solid variants (4.5% each); and encapsulated, Warthin-like variants (2.3% each). Associated Hashimoto's thyroiditis was seen in 20.4% cases (n=9/44). CONCLUSIONS Papillary thyroid carcinomas showed a female sex predilection. Though seen within a wide age range, they were more common in the third decade. Classical papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common variant followed by micro papillary carcinoma and follicular carcinoma. Rare variants found in the study were tall cell and Warthin like variants. Nodular goitre and Hashimoto thyroiditis were the common lesions associated with PTC. Histological variations and patterns in papillary thyroid carcinoma have prognostic implications, so it is important to identify and report them whenever present.

Every modern technology has two faces. On the brighter side, the mobile phone has become the most essential part of modern life and is playing a very vital role in the life of the human being from womb to the tomb. Most of the people are engaged with them totally to thrive their daily needs .On the other side they are harmful to the human life as they produce thermal and non thermal stress and they can also be carcinogenic and may lead to neural disorders on long run. According to a research they even effect the environment by producing the non-ionising radiation. There were studies evidencing extinction of some species of birds. Most of the earlier studies were based on 2G and 3G radiation effects ,very few had given an account of the effects of 4G mobile phone radiation so in this study 4G mobile phone with band width 800-2700 MHZ is used for 96 min/day for 6 months by means of an WhatsApp video call on the Wistar male rats and their effects on the liver were found to be that there causes an inflammation ranging from mild to moderate, congestion of the vessels, Kupffer cell granuloma histologically and biochemical there showed a increase in the levels of Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, SGPT& AlKP with a decrease in the levels of SGOT. The results display that 4G mobile radiations may have a adverse effects on the liver.