Energy storage and production is one of the significant issues of the 21st century, motivating the search for new materials for energy storage devices. Supercapacitors (SCs) play a prominent role among the class of energy storage devices and conversion systems since they provide greater specific capacitance, high power density, longer life span, fast charge–discharge rate, excellent circulation feature, low cost, and are safe to use. The selection of electrode material has great importance in the performance of the supercapacitor. Two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials gained much interest in the fabrication of electrode materials due to their unique physicochemical properties. The current review explores the synthesis and application of novel 2D materials, such as graphene, MXene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), carbon nitrides, metal oxides/hydroxides, and black phosphorus (BP), as supercapacitor electrodes in detail.

Copper Oxide/Carbon (CuO/C) nanocomposites were developed through the green method using the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica at room temperature. Here, the leaf extract serves as a capping agent, reducing agent and a source of carbon for the formation of nanocomposites. As we know, this is the first article on the synthesis of CuO/ C nanocomposites using this leaf extract. The nanocomposites were prepared by mixing the copper sulphate pentahydrate solution with the plant extract under certain conditions. The synthesized material was characterized by XRD, UV-Visible, FTIR, FE SEM, EDS, XPS and TGA. The results revealed that the synthesized material is a composite of copper oxide and functionalized graphene-like carbon. The SEM images indicated that the CuO/C nanoflakes had an average thickness of 7-11nm. Further, the composites were examined for antifungal activity and antibacterial activity. The nanocomposites showed significant antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Also, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal/Bactericidal Concentration (MFC/MBC) of the nanocomposites were determined against the fungus C. albicans and the bacteria K. pneumonia.

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