The organic fraction of the municipal solid waste is not being properly utilized and is disposed in open dumps which leads to environmental pollution. The vegetable market wastes degrade rapidly than other municipal solid waste. In our earlier report, we concluded that singlestage anaerobic digestion systems could not be operated with higher loading rates for the digestion of vegetable market wastes (VMW). Hence, in this investigation, we proposed anaerobic digestion of VMW in a two-phase semi-continuous anaerobic reactor. In this study, the effect of organic loading rates (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) in methanogenic reactors was investigated. It was found that the specific biogas production increased with an OLR from 1.5 to 4.5 gVS/L/d and decreased with further increase in OLR. Maximum specific biogas production and methane yield of 0.721 ± 0.010 L/gVS add and 0.469 L CH4 /gVS add were obtained at OLR of 4.5 gVS/L/d and a 25-day HRT in methanogenic reactor. Kinetic parameters of maximum yield and specific growth rate were evaluated by Chen-Hashimoto model. Keywords Two-phase anaerobic digestion Á Vegetable market waste Á Biogas Á Acidification yield Á ChenHashimoto kinetics List of symbols FVW Fruit vegetable wastes MSW Municipal solid wastes VMW Vegetable market wastes LFG Landfill gas HRT Hydraulic retention time (day) OLR Organic loading rate (gVSL -1 d -1 ) TS Total solids (%) VS Volatile Solids (%) VFA Volatile fatty acids (gL -1 ) S Effluent substrate concentration (mg/L) S o Influent substrate concentration (mg/L) h Hydraulic retention time (days) k Dimensionless kinetic constant l max Maximum specific growth rate per day Y Actual biogas yield at STP (L/gVS add ) Y ?Theoretical maximum methane yield at STP
Abstract-Degradation of syntan used in leather tanning process has been studied using ozone. Studies were carried out by varying operational parameters like initial syntan concentration, pH and ozone dose. The removal of COD, tannin and UV absorbing constituents has been determined. Degradation of syntan in terms of COD, Tannin and UV absorbing constituents was maximum at pH 7.
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