SUMMARYIn this paper, circuit and application aspects of di erent monostable-bistable transition logic elements (MOBILEs) are analysed. By taking advantage of the multi-state behaviour of resonant tunnelling devices (RTD) the logic depth and the circuit complexity per logic function is reduced at the gate level. Both, simulation and measurement results prove correct circuit operation in the gigahertz regime and I-O compatibiliy of the logic voltage levels. The scaling laws of the di erent MOBILEs are compared to each other in terms of speed and power dissipation. Detailed SPICE simulations based on experimental data precisely analyse the impact of uctuations on the circuit functionality and performance. This study demonstrates that RTD-based MOBILEs are ready for use in digital circuitry such as linear threshold gates which o er a highly reduced circuit complexity.
This paper describes several voltage regulation approaches and strategies for distribution networks for achieving a cost-effective integration of high shares of distributed generation by an optimal utilization of already available network capacities. The voltage regulation methods are examined by their theoretical potential using an approach with generic networks in a first step. Afterwards case studies for their application in a real rural low voltage (LV) network with different scenarios for the installation of new photovoltaic (PV)-systems are carried out. Information about the pilot test phase applying these voltage regulations methods is provided as outlook
A microgrid is an independent power system that can be connected to the grid or operated in an islanded mode. This single grid entity is widely used for furthering access to energy and ensuring reliable energy supply. However, if islanded, microgrids do not benefit from the high inertia of the main grid and can be subject to high variations in terms of voltage and frequency, which challenge their stability. In addition, operability and interoperability requirements, standards as well as directives have addressed main concerns regarding a microgrid’s reliability, use of distributed local resources and cybersecurity. Nevertheless, microgrid systems are quickly evolving through digitalization and have a large range of applications. Thus, a consensus over their testing must be further developed with the current technological development. Here, we describe existing technical requirements and assessment criteria for a microgrid’s main functionalities to foster harmonization of functionality-level testing and an international conception of system-level one. This framework is proposed as a reference document for assessment frame development serving both microgrid research and implementation for a comprehensive understanding of technical microgrid performance and its current assessment challenges, such as lack of standardization and evolving technology.
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