Investigations are carried out to evaluate the performance of a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of thickness 500 microns is done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of crude Pongamia oil (CPO) with varied injection pressure and injection timing. Performance parameters and pollution levels are determined at various magnitudes of brake mean effective pressure. Combustion characteristics at peak load operation of the engine are measured with special pressure-crank angle software package. Conventional engine (CE) showed deteriorated performance, while LHR engine showed improved performance with CPO operation at recommended injection timing and pressure and the performance of both version of the engine is improved with advanced injection timing and at higher injection pressure when compared with CE with pure diesel operation. The optimum injection timing is 31°bTDC for conventional engine while it is 29°bTDC with LHR engine with vegetable oil operation. Peak brake thermal efficiency increased by 5%, smoke levels decreased by 2% and NOx levels increased by 40% with CPO operation on LHR engine at its optimum injection timing, when compared with pure diesel operation on CE at manufacturer’s recommended injection timing.
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. TRR managed the literature searches. MVSMK and PVKM designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. CKR managed the analyses of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Intake manifolds have to be designed to improve engine performance by avoiding the phenomena like inter-cylinder robbery of charge, inertia of the flow in the individual branch pipes, resonance of the air masses in the pipes and the Helmholtz effect. The objective of work is to predict and analyze the flow through intake manifold of four cylinder spark ignition engine. One of the important factors is air flow inside the intake manifold; the ideal intake manifold distributes flow evenly to the piston valves. The structural analysis has been conducted to decide the thickness and material that is suitable for intake manifold to withstand bursting pressure. Three-dimensional inlet manifold was modeled in ANSYS workbench and numerically analyzed by using the commercially available FLUENT software to study the pressure, velocity and flow characteristics inside the runner. The steady state analysis has been carried out for three for All runners open, The predicted results of total pressure loss and total outlet mass flow were discussed. Inlet pipe and plenum connection creates a back step geometry which causes more total pressure loss due to flow recirculation in conventional model. Tapering the geometry is causing more inlet mass flow due to reduction in total pressure loss in the plenum chamber.
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