Measurements of the cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium spectra at energies from 20 to 800 TeV are presented. The experiments were performed on a series of twelve balloon Ñights, including several long duration Australia to South America and Antarctic circumpolar Ñights. No clear evidence is seen for a spectral break. Both the hydrogen and the helium spectra are consistent with power laws over the entire energy range, with integral spectral indices 1.80^0.04 and for the protons and helium, respec-1.68~0 .06 0.04 tively. The results are fully consistent with expectations based on supernova shock acceleration coupled with a "" leaky box ÏÏ model of propagation through the Galaxy.
Tolterodine reduced bladder sensation together with a significant activation of the frontal micturition area of OAB patients, particularly Brodmann's area 8, 9, 10 of the right prefrontal cortex. This activation seems to be a secondary phenomenon, since tolterodine does not easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Effects of external magnetic fields on electron transfer reactions in porphyrin–viologen linked systems (ZnPCnV) were investigated by laser photolysis. Rates of reverse electron transfer in the photogenerated intramolecular ion radical pair, as originated from quenching of porphyrin triplet by viologen, were remarkably suppressed (by a factor of ten for n=8) at above 0.1 T. The lifetime of the charge separated state could be correspondingly extended by the use of external magnetic fields, which perturb electron spin relaxation process.
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