A four-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Maxigrain® enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and economic indices of broiler finishers fed soaked and sun-dried cassava peel meal (CPM) based diet. CPM was included in the diets replacing maize at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% respectively on a weight for weight basis. Diets with 25%, 50% and 75% CPM were supplemented with Maxigrain® at 100mg/kg. Two hundred (200) Anak, day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replicates containing ten birds each after balancing for live weight. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the 4 weeks period of the experiment. Data on the body weight and feed intake were collected on a weekly basis and that of weight gain and feed conversion ratio(FCR) were calculated fortnightly while data on apparent nutrient digestibility was collected towards the end of the experiments in a metabolic trial. Data on feed costanalysis were calculated using the prevailing current market price of feed ingredients. The result shows that average weight gain and feed intake were significantly affected (P<0.05) by dietary treatments. Birds on 50% CPM enzyme diet had a significant (P<0.05) higher weight gain and feed intake followed by those on 75% CPM diet as compared to control group. Enzyme supplementation of the CPM diets produced a slight improvement in feed conversion ratio than the control diet. Feed cost/kg weight gain significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of enzyme supplemented CPM. Profit margin generated were higher (P<0.05) in bird fed enzyme treated CPM diet group. Apparent nutrient digestibility of the birds revealed a significant (P<0.05) variation in all parameters with the exception of dry matter. Digestibility values of the birds were observed to increase as the inclusion level of enzyme supplemented CPM increased across the diet. Therefore, it is concluded that enzyme supplemented CPM could replace 75% of maize in broiler finisher diet without any deleterious effect however, supplementing CPM with enzyme Maxigrain® at 50% replacement level for maize resulted in a more profitable performance as well as improved nutrient digestibility and is hereby recommended for poultry farmers.
The study focused on marketing and value of additions of timber in Ife East Local Government, Osun state Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the market efficiency, determined the profitability of the timber business, examine the level of value addition and the constraints facing the timber industry. Data were collected with the use of primary and secondary data. Primary data needed for the study were generated from structured questionnaire. Fifteen sawmills were randomly selected and one hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed to the timber marketer and furniture m firm. One hundred and forty eight were retrieved. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and budgetary analyses. The result showed that males had the highest percentage (89.2%). Majority of the respondents were within the age range of 40 -50 years (83.8%) and most were married (81.8%) it was further revealed that (67.6%) had regular supply of their product and the means of transportation was lorry (44.6%). The study also revealed that benches with 42% added more value addition to the industry. It showed that the year 2013 had the highest efficiency with 2.6. The budgetary analysis showed that the average revenue for the industry for the year 2012-2018 ranged between N2, 285,108.45, 889,107.12. It also revealed that the total profit for the timber ranged between 7, 340, 54.59 and 2,304,897.47.government policy, inadequate facilities in the market, inadequate facilities in the market, inadequate credit facilities, inadequate power supply and high cost of transportation were some of the constraint faced by the timber industry in Ife East Local Government. Keywords; profitability, marketing efficiency, timber, value addition, industry
One hundred and twenty ( n = 120) day old broiler chicks with an average weight (100.00±7.00g) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with cassava peel leaf meal (CPLM) as replacement for maize at (starter and finisher phases).The trial was in three phases of adaptation (1-2week),starter (3-5week) and finisher (6-9week).Thirty broilers chicks were assigned to each of the four treatments, while was replicated three times at 10 chicks each. Performance of the chicks such weight gain, feed intake and carcass yield was evaluated and the proximate and fiber quality of the diets and CPLM were also determined. Data obtained for performance evaluated was analyzed using ANOVA, while significant means were separated by SAS of the same package. The outcome revealed that CPLM had (89.93%) dry matter, (18.93%) crude protein and (43.28%) NDF, with anon-significant (p< 0.05) variation in weight gain, enhanced (p< 0.05) feed intake and depressed (p< 0.05) feed to gain ratio as CPLM inclusion increased. Dressing percentage values (69.00-73.00%) were obtained on the treatments. CPLM inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) as replacement for maize in the diets of broilers produced a favourable performance. Keywords: Cassava peel, cassava leaf, fiber, broiler chicks
A feeding trail was conducted to determine the effect of garlic supplementation (0,1.5,3.0 and 4.5%) in the diet of 240 day old cockerel chicks on growth performance, economy of production, nutrients digestibility, hematological and serum indices, four treatments with 3 replicates each of 20 birds each were adopted in a complete randomized design. The four diets used were almost isocaloric and isonitrogenous,while data collected were subjected to ANOVA. The diets had comparable levels of nutrients, initial body weight (90.0 g), daily weight gain per bird (6.02 ± 0.39 g), and fuel conversion ratio (5.43 ± 0.5 g), while the daily fuel intake per board was significantly (P<0.05) varied and least at 4.5% inclusion level, with corresponding highest (#25,489) profitability and best (P<0.05) digestibility of crude protein, NFE and ether extract. Highest (P<0.05) PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and lymphocyte was obtained at 4.5% level of inclusion, with corresponding high level of plateles and significantly (P<0.05) depressed urea (3.13 g/dl). The use of garlic in cockerel chicks’ nutrition up to 4.5% is beneficial, for the enhancement of growth, digestibility wellbeing and profitability.
The present study was aimed to determine the effect of Cassava by Product on Performance and Cost of c Giant land Snail (Archachatina marginata) Production. A twelve-week feeding trial was conducted with (n=225 growing snails) with an average weight of 88.95+ 8.10 g to access their growth response and nutrients digestibility. The snails were fed pawpaw leaf meal (PLM), cassava leaf meal (CLM), cassava peel meal (CPM), cassava sieviate meal (CSM) and cassava chaff meal (CCM) in a complete randomized design at 45 snails per treatment of five treatments, while each treatment was replicated three times. The proximate and fiber fractions of the feedstuffs were also determined and data were analyzed using ANOVA. The proximate evaluation showed highest crude protein in PLM (31.35%) and least in CSM (2.34%). The highest crude fiber was obtained for CPM (16.21%) and least in CCM (3.98%) CSM had the highest NFE (87.41%). Highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 59.33%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 34.24%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) (9.18%), cellulose (25.59%) and hemicelluloses 25.06% was obtained for PLM. Outstanding (PL< 0.05%) weekly weight gain, weekly feed intake, nutrient digestibility and carcass yield were obtained in snails on PLM and CLM followed by CPM. Snails utilized Cassava by-product without any adverse effect.
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