A feeding trail was conducted to determine the effect of garlic supplementation (0,1.5,3.0 and 4.5%) in the diet of 240 day old cockerel chicks on growth performance, economy of production, nutrients digestibility, hematological and serum indices, four treatments with 3 replicates each of 20 birds each were adopted in a complete randomized design. The four diets used were almost isocaloric and isonitrogenous,while data collected were subjected to ANOVA. The diets had comparable levels of nutrients, initial body weight (90.0 g), daily weight gain per bird (6.02 ± 0.39 g), and fuel conversion ratio (5.43 ± 0.5 g), while the daily fuel intake per board was significantly (P<0.05) varied and least at 4.5% inclusion level, with corresponding highest (#25,489) profitability and best (P<0.05) digestibility of crude protein, NFE and ether extract. Highest (P<0.05) PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and lymphocyte was obtained at 4.5% level of inclusion, with corresponding high level of plateles and significantly (P<0.05) depressed urea (3.13 g/dl). The use of garlic in cockerel chicks’ nutrition up to 4.5% is beneficial, for the enhancement of growth, digestibility wellbeing and profitability.
This study analyzed the profitability of charcoal production and marketing in Ibarapa zone of Oyo state using a structured questionnaire. A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select one hundred (100) respondents for the study. The descriptive statistical method and budgetary analysis were used for data interpretation. Charcoal marketing is dominated by middle or old age mostly females (71.7%), the business are funded from personal saving and support from cooperative society. The finding reveals that 48.5% of respondent had no formal education and economic analysis showed that marketers require ₦50,000-₦500,000 as working capital with a resultant profit of ₦300,000-₦500,000 per annum and charcoal marketing efficiency was 1.32. In Conclusion, charcoal marketing is profitable with net returns of ₦58,000 on 200 bags sold.
The present study was aimed to determine the effect of Cassava by Product on Performance and Cost of c Giant land Snail (Archachatina marginata) Production. A twelve-week feeding trial was conducted with (n=225 growing snails) with an average weight of 88.95+ 8.10 g to access their growth response and nutrients digestibility. The snails were fed pawpaw leaf meal (PLM), cassava leaf meal (CLM), cassava peel meal (CPM), cassava sieviate meal (CSM) and cassava chaff meal (CCM) in a complete randomized design at 45 snails per treatment of five treatments, while each treatment was replicated three times. The proximate and fiber fractions of the feedstuffs were also determined and data were analyzed using ANOVA. The proximate evaluation showed highest crude protein in PLM (31.35%) and least in CSM (2.34%). The highest crude fiber was obtained for CPM (16.21%) and least in CCM (3.98%) CSM had the highest NFE (87.41%). Highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 59.33%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 34.24%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) (9.18%), cellulose (25.59%) and hemicelluloses 25.06% was obtained for PLM. Outstanding (PL< 0.05%) weekly weight gain, weekly feed intake, nutrient digestibility and carcass yield were obtained in snails on PLM and CLM followed by CPM. Snails utilized Cassava by-product without any adverse effect.
The effect of cassava peel (CPL) incorporation (0,5, 10 and 15%) in the diets of growing snails (average initial weight 66.0 ± 0.15 g) on the growth performance, shell morphological changes, digestibility of nutrients, carcass yield and mineral element composition of the meat was investigated. The nutritional trial adopted four T1 (0%), T2 (5%), T3 (10%) and T4 (15%) almost isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Two hundred and forty growing snails were randomly allotted at 60 snails/treatment, while each treatment was replicated three times. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated at the 12th of the fourteen-week trial. Data collected were analyzed in a complete randomized design using (ANOVA), a significant difference among the means was separated using Duncan's multiple range test. Cassava peel is rich in NFE (70.0%), low in crude protein (3.94%), while the four diets held almost equal proximate composition. Feed intake increased (P<0.05) from T1 to T4 and T1 (control) had the best (P<0.05) carcass yield. Survivability of snails at all levels was 100%. Highest dry matter digestibility (70.01%) was obtained in T1; the digestibility of other nutrients also reduced (P< 0.05) with CPL incorporation. Meat mineral composition was not compromised by the treatments. Cassava peel based diet was favourably utilized at 15% CPL incorporation without any adverse effect on feed intake, growth, meat quality and carcass yield, farmers should adopt it.
Ninety snails Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821), which comprised 30 each of adults (325.43 ± 2.03 g), growers (119.05 ± 1.05 g) and snailets (33.05 ± 1.00 g) were used to determine the lifecycle nutritional and bio-safety benefits of consumption of snail meat. This study was aimed to further investigate, the nutrients, heavy metals and bio-safety of snail consumed by Nigerians, due to increasing industrialization, use of agro-chemical mineral exploration, fumes from vehicles and improper disposal of refuse and sewage. Each age group was regarded as a treatment, for the holistic determination of the proximate, macronutrient, heavy metals, lipid profile and carcass yield of the snail meat. The snail was carefully cleaned and dressed for meat samples collection in triplicates for subsequent laboratory determination of the nutritional and bio-safety parameters. The collected samples were processed, using standard procedures. Data were collected for proximate components (Crude protein, crude fibre, Ether Extract, NFE and Ash), macronutrients (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg and Fe) heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and MN), total cholesterol and lipid profile (HDL, LDL and FFA) and carcass yield. Data collected were subjected to (ANOVA), in a complete randomized design, while significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Proximate components such as Crude protein 15.88±1,39% and ether extract 1.24 ± 0.22%, increased (P<0.05) with the age of snail, while NFE reduced with age. Highest (P<0.05) carcass yield (44.23%) was obtained for snailets, with corresponding least (P<0.05) values for total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and FFA, cholesterol levels were significantly varied, in all groups and the contents of macronutrients and heavy metals in snail meat were tolerable in human nutrition and therefore not deleterious.
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