Knowledge of risk factors and their effects is vital for successfully preventing and reducing child neglect. This study provides a meta-analytic update of research on risk factors for child neglect. A total of 315 effect sizes were extracted from 36 primary studies and classified into 24 risk domains. Effects of 15 risk domains were significant and ranged from small (r = .110) to large (r = .372) in magnitude. Most risks were found at the parental level, such as having a history of antisocial behavior/criminal offending (r = .372); having a history of mental/psychiatric problems (r = . 259); having mental/physical problems (r = .207); and experiences of abuse in own childhood (r = .182). The effect of mother-related risk factors was not significantly different from the effect of father-related risk factors. It is concluded that child neglect is determined by multiple risk domains and that especially parent-related risk factors are important in preventing and reducing child neglect. Implications of the results for clinical practice are discussed.

No abstract

This study investigates the problems chemistry majors have with learning distillation in traditional chemistry laboratory courses. Using an interpretive cyclic research design, we collected and interpreted data, mainly in the form of observation notes and transcriptions of the discourse that takes place during laboratory courses. It was found that students experience numerous problems; these are described and interpreted. We summarize students' problems in four categories: (a) students use an independent component conception; (b) they have insufficient understanding of the properties of vapor; (c) they regard distillation from a physical point of view; and (d) they do not have a practical understanding of thermodynamics. The main origin of these problems was found to lie with the traditional curriculum structure. Lecture courses and textbooks treat distillation in a generalized and decontextualized way, whereas decisions in actual distillations are always based on contextual features. It was found that textbooks and teachers often do not discriminate carefully and explicitly among five different contexts for distillation: organic synthesis, chemical analysis, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and preparation of products. Students take the generalized concepts at face value and apply them to all distillations regardless of context. They cannot interpret their observations or make reasoned decisions based on the theoretical framework of a specific context.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Risicofactoren voor Verwaarlozing: Een Meta-Analyse Inleiding. Kennis over risicofactoren is essentieel om verwaarlozing van kinderen te voorkomen. In deze studie werd een meta-analyse uitgevoerd naar verschillende risicofactoren voor verwaarlozing. Methode. 315 effectgroottes werden afgeleid uit 36 studies, en geclassificeerd in 24 risicodomeinen. Van elk risicodomein werd een effect geschat waarna verschillende variabelen werden getoetst als moderator, waaronder type verwaarlozing, en geslacht en etniciteit van onderzoeksdeelnemers. Resultaten. Het effect van 15 risicodomeinen was significant en varieerde in sterkte van klein (r = .110) tot groot (r = .372). De sterkste risico's bleken oudergerelateerde factoren, zoals een verleden van antisociaal gedrag; mentale of psychiatrische problemen (actueel of in het verleden); een laag opleidingsniveau van ouders; en slachtofferschap van verwaarlozing of mishandeling in de eigen kindertijd. Discussie. Geconcludeerd werd dat meerdere risicofactoren op verschillende niveaus (gezinsniveau, ouderniveau en kindniveau) kunnen bijdragen aan het risico op verwaarlozing van kinderen, maar dat met name ouder-en gezinsfactoren belangrijk zijn in preventie. Trefwoorden: verwaarlozing, risicofactoren, meta-analyse Risk Factors for Child Neglect: A Meta-Analytic Review Objective. Knowledge of risk factors is essential for successfully preventing child neglect. In this review, a meta-analysis of studies on risk factors for child neglect was performed. Method. 315 effect sizes were extracted from 36 primary studies and classified into 24 risk domains. An effect was estimated for each risk domain, after which different variables, such as type of neglect and a sample's ethnicity and gender, were tested as moderator. Results. Effects of 15 risk domains were significant and ranged from small (r = .110) to large (r = .372) in magnitude. The strongest risk factors were parental-related, such as having a history of antisocial behavior; mental or psychiatric problems (both current and past problems); a low level of parental education; and victimization of abuse in own childhood. Discussion. It was concluded that family, parent, and child factors can increase the risk for child neglect, but that parent-related risk factors are most important in prevention.