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A high rate of lead fallout around two secondary lead smelters originated mainly from episodal large-particulate emissions from low-level fugitive sources rather than from stack fumes. The lead content of dustfall, and consequently of soil, vegetation, and outdoor dust, decreased exponentially with distance from the two smelters. Between 13 and 30 percent of the children living in the contaminated areas had absorbed excessive amounts of lead (more than 40 micrograms per 100 milliliters of blood and more than 100 micrograms per gram of hair) as compared with less than 1 percent in a control group. A relationship between blood and hair was established which indicated that the absorption was fairly constant for most children examined. It seemned that the ingestion of contaminated dirt and dusts rather than "paint pica" was the major route of lead intake. Metabolic changes were found in most of 21 children selected from those with excessive lead absorption; 10 to 15 percent of this group showed subtle neurological dysfunctions and minor psychomotor abnormalities.

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SUMMARYThree-year-old clonal saplings of Picea abies L. Karst. were fumigated for 60 d during the summer of 1985 with four different levels of O3. Visible injury (in the form of severe, uniform brown necrosis and shedding of affected needles) occurred after a frost in November on the older needles of three of the clones which had received over 200 [ig m"^ of O3 during the summer, 47 d previously. No visible injury occurred during the fumigation period or on the current (1985) year needles. It is suggested that the results provide preliminary evidence for an enhancement of frost sensitivity by O3 which may be significant in the current wave of forest decline affecting high-altitude forests in central Europe.