BY CHAS. C. ADAMS AND T. L. I-{ANKINSON. "A systematic study of the water life of our State should be made without delay and with the utmost thoroughness in detail. • • • ,Information of this kind is greatly needed, and is received slowly because the number of observers in the field is very limited. New York has not done as much work in the study of the life histories of its fish as some other States, and yet the iml)ortanee of its assets in this direction is out of all proportion to the outlay of effort and money devoted to biological surveys." Dr. T. H. Bean, Fourth Annual Report, New York State Conservation Commission for 1914,, p. 333, 1915. INTRODUCTION. 157 13.03 square miles, or 16 per cent. of the total area of the lake. The lake is thus both large and shallow and in striking contrast with other New York lakes and the Great Lakes, which also have but little shallow water. The shallow waters are usually bouldery, particularly the projecting points, and in the bays sandy, with organic muds in the most protected coves. The shallow waters abound in vegetation, except upon exposed points and shores where wave action is too strong. On moderately exposed places water willow (Diantheta) and bulrushes (Scirpus) thrive, while in the bays a great variety of water plants abound, including Valisneria, Castalia, Decodon, Myriophyllum and many others. This lake is particularly favorable for the study of the relation of water plants to fish. ANGLING ON ONEIDA LAKE.
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