A simple flower-shaped cannula, in which up to three laparoscopic instruments can be inserted and manipulated freely, is described. Using this cannula, a three-incision gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed easily.
A new technology for leveling LSI surfaces was developed by stabilizing the sputter etch rate of organic resists. Projections on LSI surfaces were coated with an organic resist, and etched off together with the resist, leaving a smooth surface. It has been reported by Vossen et al. that the sputter etch rate of organic resists was irreproducible and varied when they were etched together with oxides, such as SiO2. However, in this work, the etch rate of those resists could be m~de very stable and was nearly equal to that of SiO2 and SigN4 when they were etched in highly purified argon atmosphere.* Electrochemical Society Active Member. 1 Work carried out while on leave from Fritz Haber Institut tier MPG,
We performed intraoperative ultrasonography with a miniature probe to explore the biliary anatomy, especially the cystic duct, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. By using this radial-type probe introduced into a hard metal sheath with a balloon at the end, the plane containing Calot's triangle can be scanned easily when the gallbladder is extracted to the right side, thereby facilitating the identification of the cystic duct as well as the common ducts. In 30 cases, no common duct stone was found and the cystic duct was clearly identified. This radial-type miniature probe can be used to locate the cystic duct and avoid inadvertant incision or division of the common ducts.
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