Prevention of dental caries in children is one of the current problems of modern pediatric dentistry, which is due to the high prevalence and intensity of this disease. Analysis of the results of epidemiological studies conducted among children of different ages in the regions of Ukraine shows a significant increase in caries growth in recent years, both temporary and permanent teeth, which leads to in-depth study of the hardness of dental tissues to cariogenic factors in connection with the need in the constant improvement of methods of treatment and prevention of this pathology. The purpose of the study was to analyze the value of enamel caries resistance as a detector of resistance of dental hard tissues to carious process and its complications. The subject of the research is the work of domestic and foreign researchers on this topic. In the course of the research the bibliosemantic method and structural-logical analysis were used. Today, dental caries is the most common disease in different age groups, which is confirmed by the prevalence – 90-100% and a sharp trend of increasing its intensity. Given the high rates of this pathology, it should be remembered that its untimely treatment leads to the following complications: pulpitis, periodontitis, tooth extraction. An important concept that indicates the possibility of caries is caries resistance, which indicates the level of resistance of the enamel to caries and has an informative diagnostic value for the dentist. According to modern ideas, in the pathogenesis of dental caries the leading role is played by caries-resistant enamel. Its mineral base is formed by isomorphic crystals of apatite, which contain various chemical elements, and their amount in the body is closely related to the amount in the environment. It is established that more than 40 chemical elements take part in the process of tooth mineralization, the most important of which belongs to calcium, phosphorus, fluoride. Insufficient amount or excess of certain micronutrients in the environment, especially in soils and drinking water, can change their content in the body and, consequently, in the hard tissues of the teeth, affecting their resistance to caries. It is well known that the influence of a number of adverse environmental factors leads to a decrease in the resistance of the body as a whole and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the caries resistance of the enamel of the hard tissues of the teeth. Sensitivity to the effects of adverse factors increases significantly in the prepubertal period, a time not only of intensive growth of the child and the formation of his personality, but also a period of mineralization of more than half of permanent teeth. Therefore, exactly at this time dentists should pay special attention to the prevention of caries of permanent teeth in children by improving the conditions of secondary mineralization of tooth enamel, thereby increasing their level of caries resistance
Introduction: The effectiveness of caries treatment depends on many factors, such as the condition of dental tissues, the stage of root development, the period of dentition, the quality of preparation and isolation, the optimal choice of material for restoration. The problem of choosing the filling material is acute in each treatment of caries in children with mixed and permanent dentition. The aim: Todetermine and statistically substantiate parameters for choosing restorative material for permanent teeth in children with different stages of root development. Materials and methods: 248 children aged 7 to 11 (122 boys and 126 girls) and 246 children aged 12 to 17 (120 boys and 126 girls),students of Uzhhorod Secondary School №20 were examined. Restoration materials -"Polofil Supra" (VOCO, Germany) and "DyracteXtra" (Densply, USA). The following criteria were investigated: saliva pH, area of destruction of the occlusal surface of masticatory teeth, stage of root development, depth of the lesion and cavity topography, the acid resistance of the enamel. For the purpose of statistical justification of the selected parameters that pointed as significant in the choice of restorative materials, and for the analysis of the interrelations of the parameters studied, the Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was determined. The correlation coefficient was considered statistically significant when p <0.05. Results: For children aged 7-17 years to restore permanent teeth during the period of mixed and permanent dentition, the best materials in use were: "Polofil Supra" (VOCO, Germany) and "DyracteXtra" (Dentsply, USA). Conclusion: To restore permanent teeth in any stage of root development, it is rational to use a compomer material "DyracteXtra" (r = 0.80), and a composite material "Polofil Supra" -under the conditions of the formed root, at a pH level of more than 6.2, a high degree acid resistance of the enamel and the area of destruction of the occlusal surface less than 0.55 (r = 0.72).
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of remineralizing prevention of dental caries in children living in conditions of biogeochemically deficient trace elements in the period of eruption and mineralization of the first permanent molars, by introducing a treatment and prevention complex. Materials and methods. 73 first-graders of Uzhhorod secondary schools with different general health conditions were selected. The control group consisted of 26 healthy children of the same age. Indicators of caries prevalence, intensity and activity (CP + CPV index), changes in hygienic and periodontal indices (I. G. Green, I. R. Vermillion, Fedorova-Volodkina, PMA) in the dynamics of treatment (after 12 months) were determined and compared with the control group. Results and discussion. 12 months after the use of treatment and prevention complex there was an improvement in dental status, a decrease in the prevalence (p >0.05), intensity (p >0.05) of caries, no permanent teeth were removed, the number of carious temporary and permanent teeth significantly reduced, the percentage of decompensated caries decreased in all clinical groups relative to pre-treatment rates in children of all observation groups (p <0.05). After using treatment and prevention complex in determining the effectiveness of the clinical group a significant increase in patients without caries (6.80±0.01; 16.42±0.09; p <0.05), an increase in the percentage of patients with compensated degree of caries activity (15.10±0.51; 38.36±0.12; p <0.05), and a decrease in the percentage of subcompensated (46.60±2.07; 34.25±0.10; p <0.05) and decompensated (31.50±1.08; 10.97±0.01; p <0.05) course were found. The average values of the OHI-S index in children improved and corresponded to the indicators of satisfactory hygiene in all groups, the Fedorov-Volodkina index corresponded to good hygiene, the PMA index normalized, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed treatment and prevention complex in children of all clinical groups. Conclusion. Our research has established the relationship between magnesium content and dental status, taking into account the burden of somatic pathology, which complicates the absorption of such essential element as magnesium in the gastrointestinal tract. Normalization of magnesium content after 12 months leads to improved nervous system and dental health in children of 6-7 years old, who live permanently in the region of biogeochemical deficiency of fluoride and iodine. The use of the developed treatment and prevention complex in children of primary school age with high reliability leads to the improvement of the level of dental health
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