Aim of the studyThe significance of nutritional supplements for immunity has been documented. Locally sourced extracts used in alternative medicine were studied to determine their potential effects on antibody production and humoral responses in viral challenged birds.MethodThree hundred and eighty birds were distributed into 19 groups of 20 birds each. Following acclimatization for 16 days, they were fed with standard broilers feed and water ad libitum. Group A was supplemented with Aloe vera (AV) extract, group B was given Alma millsoni (AM) extract, group C was given Archachatina marginata (AMS) extract and group D was given Ganoderma lucidum (GL) extract, and group E was the control group. Extract concentrations of 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg were given to three subsets of each treatment group for 30 days. Birds were then challenged with intramuscular administration of 0.2 ml of 50% Embryo Lethal Dose of saline suspension of the challenge strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) on the 30th day, and were examined for clinical signs and symptoms. Serum from venous blood was used for antibody and immunological assay.ResultsAloe vera at 50 µg and A. millsoni extracts supplementations yielded a significant antibody titre (p < 0.001). The difference within the AMS, GL and AV groups and the control group was not statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionUnlike the extract of Ganoderma and A. marginata, pretreatment with A. millsoni extract and a lower dosage of Aloe vera enhanced the ability to mount humoral responses against viral infection in broiler chickens.
The advent of Wi-Fi connected high technology devices in executing day-to-day activities is fast evolving especially in developing countries of the world and hence the need to assess its safety among others. The present study was conducted to investigate the injurious effect of radiofrequency emissions from installed Wi-Fi devices in brains of young male rats. Animals were divided into four equal groups; group 1 served as control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to 2.5 Ghz at intervals of 30, 45, and 60 consecutive days with free access to food and water ad libitum. Alterations in harvested brain tissues were confirmed by histopathological analyses which showed vascular congestion and DNA damage in the brain was assayed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Histomorphometry analyses of their brain tissues showed perivascular congestion and tissue damage as well.
Las enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos y su deterioro microbiano son el resultado de la incapacidad de regular o controlar los microorganismos en una o más etapas de la cadena alimentaria, desde la producción de la materia prima hasta el consumo del producto final. Este estudio se realizó para detectar algunas bebidas a base de cacao que se venden en Nigeria, con el fin de determinar el estado micológico y aflatoxínico de dichos alimentos. Setenta y nueve (79) muestras de diferentes marcas de bebidas de cacao recogidas de diferentes mercados en la ciudad de Benín (Nigeria), se evaluaron mediante la estimación de la carga de hongos; utilizando el método de recuento de placa estándar y el nivel de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) por extracción de columna de gel de sílice de inmunoafinidad y cromatografía de capa fina con detección espectrofotométrica. Las colonias de moho aisladas de las muestras se identificaron mediante métodos micológicos estándar como Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger y Aspergillus fumigatus. La muestra de bebidas Zamis registró el mayor recuento de hongos de 5500 ufc /g, nivel de AFB1 de 40,6 ± 3,2 μg/kg y contenido de humedad de 4,00%; mientras que la muestra de bebidas Peak registró el menor recuento de hongos de 500 ufc /g, el nivel de AFB1 de 5,3 ± 2,5 μg/kg y el contenido de humedad del 1.00%. AFB1 no se detectó en muestras de bebidas de Ovaltine y Benco. Los géneros más frecuentes de moho en todas las muestras fue A. flavus, con una incidencia de 63,3%. Las bebidas con bolsita de cacao que se venden en la metrópolis de Benin conllevan un riesgo potencial para la salud. Por lo tanto, una mejor manipulación a través del procesamiento, la conservación y el almacenamiento de los alimentos puede minimizar las aflatoxinas en los alimentos y garantizar una calidad sostenible del suministro de alimentos. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de una atención urgente a las posibles implicaciones para la salud pública.
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