Oral lichen planus (OLP) can undergo malignant transformation and become squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Oral infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a significant risk of developing oral cancer. Although HPV DNA is detected more often in OLP tissue than in normal oral mucosa, there is as yet no firm evidence that HPV is a causative factor of malignant transformation in OLP. The objective of the present investigation was to assess HPV-genotype distribution in OLPs of Japanese patients and additionally to clarify the relationship between malignant transformation in OLP and HPV infection using PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. DNA of 200 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy and surgical specimens of OLP was extracted. HPV infection was first detected by PCR using consensus HPV primers. Positive PCR samples were then further analyzed by PCR using HPV type-specific primers (HPV-6, -11, -16, -18 and -33). Eighty-three samples (41.5 %) out of the total 200 OLP specimens analyzed were HPV positive. In the HPV type-specific PCR assay, the most frequent type of HPV was HPV-16 (25.5 %), which is a high-risk type of HPV that is associated with malignant disorders and is often detected in SCC. The highest HPV-16 positive rate was obtained for the erosive type of OLP (28.3 %). Positive staining for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization was observed in the nuclei of cells in all layers of the epithelium in all HPV PCR positive samples. Immunohistochemically, nuclei of cells in the upper layer of the epithelium in all HPV PCR positive samples stained positive for the anti-HPV antibody. These results indicated that HPV-16 was often present in OLP of Japanese patients, especially in the erosive type of OLP, and suggested that HPV infection is a risk factor for malignant transformation in OLP lesions.
We studied subsets and cytotoxicity of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from renal cell cancer (RCC) patients. TIL were successfully expanded in 13 of 14 RCC cases using anti-CD3 during the initial 48 h of culture. Percentages of CD8-positive cells among rIL-2-expanded TIL at 1–4 week(s) of culture were 56.2 ± 15.1% (range 26.2–79.8% n = 13) and not necessarily predominant over CD4-positive cells. Natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities of TIL at 3–6 weeks of culture were 31.6 ± 15.8% (range 1.4–57.4%, n = 9) and 16.6 ± 11.6% (range 3.8–35.6%, n = 6), respectively. Autologous and allogeneic RCC cytotoxicity of TIL at 3–4 weeks of culture were 17.9 ± 19.7% (range 0–47.6%, n = 4) and 18.9 ± 14.8% (range 0–47.3% n = 12) respectively. Since there was no statistical difference between them, autologous specific cytotoxicity was not demonstrated. From these result of the present study it is unlikely that most of effector cells of rIL-2-expanded TIL in autologous RCC lysis are major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T cells. We concluded that it is doubtful whether TIL is significantly superior over LAK cells in immunotherapy of human RCC.
To date, more than 120 total types of HPV have been identified, and in a recent meta-analysis, HPV was confirmed as an independent risk factor for oral carcinoma. Some investigators have reported that HPV infection is related to certain factors, including the gender, age, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, sexual behavior and denture wearing. Denture wearing can lead to denture epulis, which is a hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue caused by denture irritation. Recently, HPV infection was detected in the hyperplastic epithelium of denture fibroma, but it still has received little study. The objective of the present investigation, therefore, was to clarify the relationship between the hyperplastic epithelium of the denture epulis and HPV infection. DNA of 118 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded hyperplastic epithelium biopsies of epulis specimens was extracted. Firstly, HPV infection was detected by PCR using consensus primers. Secondary, PCR using HPV type-specific primers (low risk types 6 and 11; high risk types 16, 18 and 33) was done in positive PCR samples. HPV infection was also detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques. Eighteen (23.1 %) of the 78 cases of denture epulis were positive, and 2 (5.0 %) of the 40 cases of non-denture epulis were positive. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05, using Fisher's exact test). The most frequent type of HPV found in the 14 positive samples was HPV 16. It seems that the hyperplastic epithelium of denture epulis is easily infected with viruses because the epithelium is exposed daily to traumatic irritation from dentures. These results suggest that the hyperplastic epithelium of denture epulis might be an important reservoir for HPV infection of the oral region where later HPV-associated diseases, such as oral cancer and other oral lesions, may develop.
Muscles of mastication are replaced by fibrous tissue in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Muscular changes, in the form of dystrophy because of muscular over activity is observed in most of the cases of OSMF. One hundred OSMF patients and 25 healthy individuals were included in this study. The patients were categorized into four groups on the basis of mouth opening. For every individual, age, sex, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were documented. Burning sensation, mouth opening, maximum bite force (MBF) was evaluated among study groups and control group. The OSMF individuals were injected with hyaluronidase 1500 IU mixed in 1.5 ml of dexamethasone and 0.5 ml of lignocaine HCL intralesionally twice a week for one month and control subjects were given placebo capsules and all the parameters were revaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's independent t-test, Analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. No significant difference was observed in mean age, mean height, weight, BMI and the presence of the number of intact teeth between controls and OSMF individuals. A significant decrease in anterior MBF in group III and IV and posterior MBF of both sides in groups II, III and IV was noted. After treatment there was a significant improvement in anterior MBF in group III and posterior MBF in groups II and III OSMF patients. It was concluded that, MBF was reduced in patients with OSMF and it is improved in early and moderate cases after intralesional hyaluronidase and corticosteroid therapy.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.