Recently, endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), developed as a treatment of bile duct stone or papillary stenosis, has been used for transpapillary biliary drainage in cases of extrahepatic biliary stenosis. For the nonoperative treatment of chronic pancreatitis, we have developed this procedure into a technique for opening the pancreatic duct orifice. Pancreatic sphincterotomy was performed successfully in 10 out of 13 cases with chronic pancreatitis and improved the clinical symptoms in 9 cases. Moreover, in 3 cases we succeeded in inspecting the intrapancreatic duct by peroral pancreatoscopy, and in removing stones from the main pancreatic duct in 2 cases in this series, using the basket. Also through the opened pancreatic orifice, a pancreatic endoprosthesis was placed endoscopically into the main pancreatic duct in 3 cases to improve pancreatic drainage. This report discusses method, evaluation, and complications of pancreatic sphincterotomy in the endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis, and describes successful cases of the basket removal of pancreatic stones and the placement of pancreatic endoprosthesis through the opening of the pancreatic orifice.
Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy has been developed as a new method of treatment of chronic pancreatitis in our institution since 1982. We introduced pancreatic sphincterotomy as a safe technique, after performing it successfully in 21 cases of chronic pancreatitis without any complications, and relieving both abdominal and back pain in 19 of the cases. Recently, we have added endoscopic elimination of viscid pancreatic juice including protein plugs. This report describes our procedure of pancreatic sphincterotomy in detail, and evaluates it in the endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
Pamidronate disodium is a second-generation biphosphonate, a group of compounds that are being used increasingly to inhibit bone resorption in disorders that are characterized by excessive bone loss such, as hypercalcemia of malignancy, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. The precise mechanisms whereby bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption are still not completely understood. Pamidronate has previously been reported to induce sclerosis of lytic bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. We have had a similar experience in a patient with multiple bone metastases due to adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site who developed massive consolidation of lytic bone lesions after therapeutic infusions of pamidronate, leading to a satisfactory quality of life.
RT-PCR. LPA variant binding affinities to LPARs was performed using commercially available cell based LPAR agonist assays. LPAR inhibitors were identified by 3D computational docking of 1.2 million compounds against the active site of the LPA biosynthetic enzyme, autotaxin. LPAR antagonism was determined using commercially available cell based LPAR antagonist assays. Results: LPAR2 and LPAR3 were the main hepatic LPARs. Hepatic LPA2 and LPA3 expression was greater in cirrhotic livers with HCC when compared to livers without HCC. LPAR2 and LPAR3 selectively bound 18:2LPA (RC50 1.6 mM) in preference to other LPA variants (e.g. 20:4LPA RC50 2.4ï -M). Six compounds were identified with LPAR IC50 <10 nM. Conclusion: HCC associated aberrant LPA variant profile is theoretically linked to changes in hepatic LPAR expression and variant specific LPAR binding affinities. LPAR is a potential target to reduce HCC emergence. The six potent LPAR antagonists should be tested in murine models in order to determine effectiveness.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.