The emotional intelligence program may have positive effects on quality of life and well-being of individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy-oriented anger management and stress control program on smokers' quit rates.Methods: Of 2348 smokers, 350 were randomly allocated into study and control groups (n ؍ 175 each). An individualized therapy cessation technique was selected for each participant (combination of behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, and/or pharmacotherapy). The participants in the control group attended a standard quit program, whereas the study group also received an additional 5-session (90 minutes each) cognitive behavioral therapy-oriented program aimed at improving their anger and stress coping skills. At the beginning of the study, both groups were asked to complete the Trait Anger Scale (TAS) of the State and Trait Anger Scale and the Self-Confident (SCS) and Hopeless (HS) subscales of the Stress Coping Styles Inventory; pretest smoking status of both groups and their coping skills were compared with each other as soon as the program ended (post-test results) and after 3 and 6 months (first and second follow-up tests).Results: Although there was no difference between pretest scores on the TAS (P ؍ .234), SCS (P ؍ .130), and HS (P ؍ .148) subscales, post-test results indicate that the study groups' TAS and HS scores decreased and SCS scores increased (P < .001), whereas there was no change in the control group (P > .05). The study group had a better quit level after 6 months compared with the control group (44% vs 27.4%; P < .001). The anger management and stress control program was found to have a significant effect on cessation (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 -3.85). The importance and effectiveness of primary care interventions in preventing smoking are well known. Conclusion 1As part of health promotion activities, one priority has been to increase the success rates of smoking cessation.2,3 However, up to 75% of smokers start to smoke again within 6 months, even though they receive behavioral support, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), or drugs (bupropion or varenicline). 4 Many studies have been performed to understand the interacting physiological and psychological factors involved in relapse.5 Some sociodemographic risk factors (sex, education level, marital status, living alone, and income) have been identified. Nicotine-a very potent psychological and neurological stimulant that influences behaviors, emotions, and mood-is implicated as the main factor responsible for initiation, maintenance, and relapse in terms of smoking. [6][7][8][9] In recent years a strong relation between anger, stress, and smoking has been noticed. 10,11 Smokers report that they smoke more when they are stressed, angry, anxious, or sad and that they expect that smoking will alleviate these negative moods. 12 There is strong evidence that nicotine reduces emotions of stress and anger because deprivation causes increases in feelings of anger and stress, despite whether they are amplified by other distressing wit...
Background: Couples are usually advised to improve their communication skills to increase harmony and avoid conflicts. However, studies aimed at increasing marital adjustment in primary care are limited.Methods: A Couple Communication Program was announced at the Ondokuz Mayis University Permanent Education Center, and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale was administered to 67 couples who volunteered. Twenty-eight persons (14 couples) with the lowest test scores were randomized into study and control groups. At the end of the program (post-test), the scale was again administered to the study group. Afterward, the pretest and post-test scores of the study and control groups were compared. The study group's pretest, post-test, and follow-up test scores were also examined.Results: No difference in marital adjustment was found between the study and control groups before the start of the program (P > .05). The post-test scores of the couples attending the Couple Communication Program proved to be higher in total than the scores of those who did not attend (P < .001). The post-test and follow-up scores of the study group were significantly higher than their pretest scores (P < .001). There was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up scores of the study group (P ؍ 1.0). Conclusion
Following the announcement that a Couple Communication Program was to be held at the Ondokuz Mayis University Permanent Education Center, the Active Conflict Subscale of the Conflict Tendency Scale (Dokmen, 1989) and Conflict Resolution Scale (Akbalik, 2001) were administered to 122 Turkish couples who volunteered to participate. The 40 couples with the worst test scores were randomized into study and control groups. No differences in the test scores were determined between the two groups before the start of the program (P > 0.05). After attending the program, the test scores of the study group were better in total than those of the control group (P < 0.001). Benefits are retained at 3 and 6 months following (P = 1).
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