Media chemical composition effect on production of embryogenic calli and production of transformed plants from Hyoscyamus muticus L (Egyptian henbane) were assessed using gene gun. Hyoscyamus muticus L., (Egyptian Henbane) is medically and economically important plant as it contains widely used atropine alkaloids, scopolamine, hyoscyamine. Callus induction and regeneration ability from leaf of Hyoscyamus muticus L were examined. Effects of 7 media were evaluated on type II callus production and regeneration. T3 medium showed greater positive response in embryogenic calli formation frequency (84.95%), reflected on shoot formation frequency (7.65/explant) and produced a high root yields after transfer on the rooting medium. Transformed henbane plants were achieved by particle bombardment using plasmid pAB-6 harboring the gus and bar genes with transformation efficiency 13.4%. Total alkaloid contents were reached to 6.05% in transformed plants. It compared with untransformed plants which contained 2.95%.
Grass pea is a promising crop with the potential to provide food and fodder, but its genomics has not been adequately explored. Identifying genes for desirable traits, such as drought tolerance and disease resistance, is critical for improving the plant. Grass pea currently lacks known R-genes, including the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) gene family, which plays a key role in protecting the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses. In our study, we used the recently published grass pea genome and available transcriptomic data to identify 274 NBS-LRR genes. The evolutionary relationships between the classified genes on the reported plants and LsNBS revealed that 124 genes have TNL domains, while 150 genes have CNL domains. All genes contained exons, ranging from 1 to 7. Ten conserved motifs with lengths ranging from 16 to 30 amino acids were identified. We found TIR-domain-containing genes in 132 LsNBSs, with 63 TIR-1 and 69 TIR-2, and RX-CCLike in 84 LsNBSs. We also identified several popular motifs, including P-loop, Uup, kinase-GTPase, ABC, ChvD, CDC6, Rnase_H, Smc, CDC48, and SpoVK. According to the gene enrichment analysis, the identified genes undergo several biological processes such as plant defense, innate immunity, hydrolase activity, and DNA binding. In the upstream regions, 103 transcription factors were identified that govern the transcription of nearby genes affecting the plant excretion of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and abscisic acid. According to RNA-Seq expression analysis, 85% of the encoded genes have high expression levels. Nine LsNBS genes were selected for qPCR under salt stress conditions. The majority of the genes showed upregulation at 50 and 200 μM NaCl. However, LsNBS-D18, LsNBS-D204, and LsNBS-D180 showed reduced or drastic downregulation compared to their respective expression levels, providing further insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. They provide valuable insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. Our findings also shed light on the evolution and classification of NBS-LRR genes in legumes, highlighting the potential of grass pea. Further research could focus on the functional analysis of these genes, and their potential use in breeding programs to improve the salinity, drought, and disease resistance of this important crop.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic, arthropod-borne viral disease that affects domestic animals. The disease is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (Phlebovirus) that belongs to the Phenuiviridae family. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an animal origin viral bleeding disease that affects the health of both humans and animals because it's a Phlebovirus that makes it very dangerous. Conventional technologies were used to develop the first vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines and the live-attenuated Smithburn vaccine, using virulent RVF virus isolates. Various vaccines against the RVF virus have been developed, the modern trends in vaccine production are going to choose. The adjuvant used in the vaccine production process is a significant consideration. Therefore, in this study we explored the use of Maintained gel 0.2 as adjuvant. The proper adjuvant that can appear high and long-standing immunity. Maintained gel 0.2 is generic of maintaining as water-based adjuvant designed recently to improve efficacy of aqueous type vaccine. Therefore, we investigated the effect of inactivated RVF vaccine with three different concentrations of Montanide Gel 02 (10%, 15% and 20%). The immune response was evaluated and evaluated of the immune response in vaccinated rabbits using real time PCR (RT-PCR). Also, and in other side, starting coding target (SCOT) technique was were used to study the genetic effect of the vaccine on the rabbit's genetic material. RT-PCR The real time PCR results for interferon γ showed that there was dramatically upregulation in transcripts levels of interferon γ with the increases of Montanide gel doses throughout the whole entire period of the experiment. A total of 10 primers were tested for selective amplification of DNA fragments. The ten SCoT primers produced reliable PCR products. However, no SCoT primers showed discernible polymorphism between all tested samples. However, no Scot primers showed discernible polymorphism between all tested samples. The study revealed that with increasing Montanide gel 02 concentration in the rabbit's vaccination, the immune response and its duration increased, with no influence on the genetic material, indicating that Montanide gel 02 was safe and effective. The immune response and its duration were increased with increasing Montanide gel 02 concentration in the rabbit's vaccination, and there was no effect on the genetic material, which gives is give an indication that Montanide gel 02 was safe and effective.
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