Two field Experiments were conducted at km 48 Nubaria region, Alex. Cairo Desert Road, El-Behiera Government, Egypt, during 2016/2017 and 2017/ 2018 seasons, to study the effect of three humic acid levels and four boron fertilization rates on yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivar monogerm (cv. Francisco). Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design in three replicates. The three humic acid levels (0= water, 3 and 6 kg/fed) at the form of (humat potasium 80% K2O) randomly assigned to the main plot. While, the four boron rates (0, 400, 800, and 1200 g/fed) were distributed at random within the sub plot at the form of Nutribor (8% Boric acid). Seeds were hand sown on 3 rd and 5 th October 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, respectively, in each (subplot), at the rate of 1 seed ball per hill on one side of the ridge at 20 cm apart. Root yield (ton/fed), top yield(ton/fed), biological yield(ton/fed), sugar yield (ton/fed), TSS%, sucrose%, purity %, extraction %, potassium %, α-amino nitrogen %, sodium %, and white sugar %, were determined in both seasons. The obtained results revealed that; 1). increasing humic acid rates from zero up to 6 kg /fed increased significantly root, biological, sugar yields ton/fed, TSS%, potassium percentage and white sugar percentage during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. Where, the highest mean values were obtained by adding the higher level of humic acid (6 kg /fed). On the contrary, the lowest values were given by growing sugar beet plant under control treatment (zero kg/fed humic acid). On the other hand, increasing humic acid rates from zero up to 6 kg /fed decreased significantly extraction %, α-amino nitrogen %, sodium %, however, the lowest ones recorded with adding 6 kg/fed humic acid. Nevertheless, under this study, the highest mean values of these traits were obtained with control (zero kg/ fed humic acid) in both seasons, 2). increasing boron fertilization rates from zero to 400 g/fed, 800 g/fed and 1200 g/fed increased significantly the mean values of root yield, sugar yield, the total soluble solids (%), sucrose (%), purity (%), extraction (%) and white sugar (%). In addition, the highest mean values were recorded with application of 1200 g / fed, while the lowest mean values were obtained by growing sugar beet plant under the control treatment (zero boron= water) during the two seasons. On the contrast, increasing boron fertilization from zero up to 1200 g/fed decreased significantly potassium%, α-amino nitrogen (%), and sodium (%) in sugar beet root, meanwhile the lowest mean values were recorded when applying the rate of 1200 g/fed of boron fertilization. Whereas, the highest mean values were given under control treatment (zero g/fed) in the two seasons, 3). and the interaction between humic acid and boron fertilization affected significantly top yield ton/fed, biological yield ton/fed, the total soluble solids %, sucrose %, purity %, α-amino nitrogen% and sodium % during both seasons and sugar yield ton/fed during the first season 2016/2017. This...

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Water deficit is a decisive challenge that tremendously affects maize physiological functions and productivity. Hence, it is crucial to ameliorate its tolerance to drought stress, in particular under abrupt climate change and a growing population. The present study aimed to explore the influence of exogenously sprayed moringa seed extract (Moringa oleifera) and α-tocopherol on physio-biochemical, morphological, and yield attributes of six diverse maize hybrids under three irrigation levels in poor-fertility sandy soil. The applied irrigation regimes were based on estimated crop evapotranspiration (ET) using the FAO Penman–Monteith equation. A split–split plot arrangement with a randomized complete block design and three replicates was applied for different treatments. Irrigation levels (100% ET, 75% ET and 50% ET) were established in the main plots, while foliar applications (moringa extract and α-tocopherol) were located in subplots and the assessed hybrids (SC162, SC166, SC167, SC168, SC176, and SC178) in subsubplots. Mild (75% ET) and severe (50% ET) drought stress gradually reduced the gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, water relations, and yield traits compared with well-watered conditions (100% ET). However, foliar application of moringa seed extract or α-tocopherol was effective in reinforcing maize tolerance to drought stress by enhancing the accumulation of osmoprotectants, improving antioxidant enzymes, and decreasing levels of peroxidation of membrane lipids and electrolyte leakage compared to untreated control. These positive impacts were reflected in boosting yield traits and crop water productivity under water deficit conditions. The physiological and agronomic performance of the assessed maize hybrids considerably varied under water deficit conditions. The hybrids SC168, SC176, and SC178 exhibited the best performance under mild and severe drought conditions compared with the other hybrids. Consequently, the integration of exogenously applied moringa seed extract or α-tocopherol with tolerant maize hybrids such as SC168, SC176, and SC178 is an efficient approach to ameliorating drought tolerance under water-scarce conditions in arid environments.

Using tests based on serological, chemical and pathological aspects Ralstonia solanacearum strains (of brown rot disease) were identified in 10 strains were isolated from infected potato tubers grown in Egypt with biovar II pathogenicity and hypersensivity on leaves of tobacco and sugar utilization. , ISSR markers were used to differentiate the strains .Total number of amplified fragments was 68 bands and polymorphic bands were 38 representing 56% polymorphism. Twenty one bands were monomorphic and 9 were uniquely amplified DNA fragments of DNA which ranged between 7 to 16. The number of polymorphic fragments ranged between 1 to 13 for each primer. Values of genetic similarity among genotypes ranged from 63 to 92%. A dendrogram separated the strains into two major clusters. Pathogenicity tests showed QB.4, BK.5, BK.7 and Gk.8 isolates being highly virulent on tobacco in hypersensitivity test (HR) study. Virulence degree were between low and high on seedlings of tomato and potato and tomato seedlings. R. solanacearum (QB.4, QB.5, BK.7 and BK.8) showed highest disease incidence of 25.0, 24.6, 25.3 and 28.5%, respectively. Recorded wilt disease severity were 6.5, 6.2, 6.1 and 7.5 %, respectively at 42 days. Only the four isolates QB.4, QB.5, BK.7 and BK.8 were highly pathogenic to all of the studied seven potato cultivars of Accent,

Media chemical composition effect on production of embryogenic calli and production of transformed plants from Hyoscyamus muticus L (Egyptian henbane) were assessed using gene gun. Hyoscyamus muticus L., (Egyptian Henbane) is medically and economically important plant as it contains widely used atropine alkaloids, scopolamine, hyoscyamine. Callus induction and regeneration ability from leaf of Hyoscyamus muticus L were examined. Effects of 7 media were evaluated on type II callus production and regeneration. T3 medium showed greater positive response in embryogenic calli formation frequency (84.95%), reflected on shoot formation frequency (7.65/explant) and produced a high root yields after transfer on the rooting medium. Transformed henbane plants were achieved by particle bombardment using plasmid pAB-6 harboring the gus and bar genes with transformation efficiency 13.4%. Total alkaloid contents were reached to 6.05% in transformed plants. It compared with untransformed plants which contained 2.95%.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) is a worldwide significant aquaculture species rapidly gaining rank as a farmed commodity. Six fish specimens (three males and three females) of Nile tilapia were collected from Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt (31.3 o N and 30.93 o E). Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (F-AFLP) analysis was applied to qualitatively discriminate sex-dependent genomes, was successfully able to determine sex-linked marker. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) identified sex-linked marker easily. PCR amplification was obtained using three pairs of primers. Total number of scored bands detected the specimens was 1243 as 129, 154, 291, 148, 165 and 356 bands for the three primer pairs, respectively. All bands ranged between 50 to 542 bp including 919 polymorphic. Percentage of polymorphic loci was 73.93%. The PCA test revealed different distribution of male and female samples according to the degree of similarity. The difference in PCA revealed genetic variation among the studied samples. Such observations reflect the success of the F-AFLP markers. A PCA variable showed clustering in four quadrants variables for female and male samples in different quadrants.

Defoliating insects can cause significant damage to soybean plants in Egypt. The cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis) is a major pest of soybean and important economic insect pests in Egypt than other insect pests. Susceptibility of 15 soybean genotypes to infestation of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis were studied under natural field conditions. The relationship between agro-morphological and molecular DNA in relation to leaves defoliation were also studied. Defoliation of tested plants by the cotton leaf worm, in the field screenings system showed the genotypes L105 and L153 recorded the highest values of insect resistant and recorded defoliation ranking from zero to 0.1 respectively, followed by genotypes named H10L10A, L162, and H1L1. Whereas, AGS-129 genotype showed a maximum insect susceptible had defoliation score (4.0) indicating heavy insect feeding, over both seasons. Moreover, highest values of seed yield/fed recorded by L 153, H10L10A and H1L1, this attributed to the considerable increasing in number of branches/plant, 100-seed weight and number of pods/plant over both seasons, representing those genotypes are promising and could be suggested for release, also; these genotypes revealed to high insect resistance to cotton leaf worm. In total 13 SSR primers amplify 45 bands. The polymorphic SSRs were successfully used to distinguish cotton leaf worm resistance among soybean genotypes. In general, it could be supposed that the some soybean genotypes, H153, H105, L162 H1L1 and H10 L10 are promising genotypes that can be used in cultivation to expand soybean resistance to cotton leaf worm.

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