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The expression of connexin 43 and CD38 and ADP ribosyl cyclase activity in brain cells were studied in rats with experimental hypoxic and ischemic damage to the CNS. Changes in the expression and activity of the enzyme were detected over the course of ischemic injury indicating a possible contribution of NAD(+)-converting activity and NAD(+)-transporting processes to the pathogenesis of acute cerebral ischemic injury.

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Introduction. Intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia during childbirth are the leading causes of infant mortality in the structure of certain conditions arising in the perinatal period.Purpose. To study the involvement of negative events for the fetus in the ante- and intranatal periods in the occurrence of perinatal asphyxia in newborns and identify the main modifiable risk factors that will allow formulating preventive strategies in the development of child hypoxia.Materials and methods. A retrospective assessment of the course of the ante- and intranatal period was carried out according to 50 case histories. Nominal data are presented with indication of absolute and relative values. Sets of quantitative indicators are described by the values of the median (Me) and the lower and upper quartiles (Q1–Q3). The χ2 test was used to compare unrelated samples. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Office 2021 software package.Results: In the group of children with moderate and severe asphyxia at birth, the median gestational age was 36 and 33 weeks. The main ante- and intranatal risk factors for asphyxia of newborns were established in the following percentage: fetoplacental insufficiency – 32%; premature rupture of membranes and medical abortions in history, 30% each; first pregnancy, anemia, obesity, hypertension, smoking, maternal age > 35 years, 18% each; isthmic-cervical insufficiency – 16%; history of antenatal death, threatened miscarriage, vaginitis, 14% each; acute respiratory infections during pregnancy, assisted reproductive technologies (IVF), uterine fibroids – 12% each; oligohydramnios – 8%; polyhydramnios – 6%.Conclusion. The structure of factors that can contribute to the development of asphyxia in newborns is diverse. Understanding the involvement of modifiable risk factors determines the need to build a strategy and tactics to reduce their impact on the development of the pathology under consideration.

One of the urgent problems of modern pediatrics is to assess the value of adequate calcium intake to ensure the skeleton strength and the formation of tooth resistance to caries in children and adolescents. This article is aimed at providing generalized data on the prevention of calcium deficiency in children and adolescents. The physiology of calcium metabolism and vitamin D regulatory role are discussed. The article describes non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods for the prevention and correction of calcium deficiency in children and adolescents. It also indicates the use of calcium salts in insufficient calcium content in the diet, somatic pathology, as well as with an increase in the need for minerals during periods of intensive growth. The article discusses the differences between organic (citrate, lactate, and calcium gluconate) and inorganic calcium salts (calcium phosphate and carbonate), as well as between liquid and solid forms. The benefits of liquid forms should be considered a uniform particle distribution of the active substance, an increase in the surface area of absorption and absorption degree, as well as the possibility of use in children with difficulties in swallowing solid forms. The use of calcium and vitamin D supplements may reduce the risk of adverse events in children.KEYWORDS: calcium and phosphorus metabolism, bone tissue, calcium, children, adolescents, calcium deficiency, vitamin K, vitamin D.FOR CITATION: Taranushenko T.E., Kiseleva N.G. Prevention of calcium deficiency in children. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(8):511–517. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-8-511-517.

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It is known that the prevention of deficiency conditions in children is one of the most urgent tasks of preventive pediatrics. The importance of timely recommendations for optimizing the replenishment of microelements and vitamins is undeniable, and understanding the importance of using calcium and vitamin D supplements significantly reduces the risk of adverse health effects in childhood and later life.

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