Radiotherapy (RT) is an important treatment modality in head and neck cancers. Loss of weight during RT due to various factors is a matter of concern. This study was conducted to see the pattern of weight loss and the causative factors involved. One hundred forty patients with head and neck cancer treated with radical RT, concurrent chemoradiation, or postoperative RT were retrospectively studied. A dose of 70 Gy was given in the radical and in the chemoradiation schedule. In postoperative RT, a dose of 60-64 Gy was delivered. During the weekly review of the patients, serial recording of their weight was done along with measurement of other parameters. Analysis was done to see which factors were causative in patients having a weight loss of >5 kg and of >10%. Three variables were found to be significant for the >5-kg weight loss. These were a low initial Karnofsky performance score (KPS; P < 0.001), use of chemoradiation (P < 0.001), and a total dose of >60 Gy (P = 0.04). For the >10% weight loss, the significant factors were low initial KPS (P < 0.001) and use of chemoradiation (P < 0.001). Therefore, it is important to take care of the nutrition of those patients who have a low KPS, are on chemoradiation, or will be delivered a dose of >60 Gy. The role of prophylactic Ryle's tube placement or agents such as megestrol acetate in such patients should be further investigated.
To study the occurance of hypocalcemia in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia after 48 hours of continuous phototherapy and to compare the results between term and preterm neonates. METHODS: This study was performed on 100 neonates with unconjugated hyper bilirubinemia, 55 term and 45 preterm, who were given photo phototherapy in neonatal intensive care unit.serum ionized calcium levels were checked and after 48 hours of phototherapy. The prevalence of hypo calcemia after 48 hrs. of phototherapy was observed and compared between full term and preterm neonates. Neonates who had hyperbilirubinemia, asphyxia, respiratory distress, haemolytic anaemia sepsis were excluded from the study. RESULTS: 46/100 NEONATES, THAT IS 46% developed hypocalcemia. 22/55 full term neonates, that is 40% and 24/45 preterm neonates that is 53% developed hypocalcemia after 48 hrs. of phototherapy. CONCLUSION: significant decline in serum calcium level is observed in neonates receiving phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia.
Chronic Kidney disease is a recognized public health problem with a huge social and economical impact on the individual, family, society and country. Renal failure is a systemic disease and induces a slow and progressive decline of kidney function aggravated by various factors such as diabetes, infections, auto immune diseases and toxic chemicals. The study was aimed to estimate malondialdehyde, urea and creatinine levels in Chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Government medical college, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh. Study subjects were divided in to 2 groups: Group -1: healthy controls (35) with age group 35-65 years, Group -2 : CRF patients (35) age group 35 -65 years . Blood Sample was analyzed for plasma glucose, Blood urea, serum creatinine and serum Malondialdehyde. The mean and standard deviation of Serum Malondialdehyde, blood urea and serum Creatinine in Chronic renal failure patients (Group-2) was higher compared to controls (Group-1) (p<0.0001). Significant positive correlation was observed between serum Malondialdehyde and serum creatinine. A positive correlation was observed between serum Malondialdehyde and blood urea (r= 0.40576). Significant positive correlation existed between Malondialdehyde and serum creatinine (r=0.46832). In our study on chronic renal failure patients and age matched healthy controls, the renal parameters – urea, creatinine and BUN were elevated. In addition Malondialdehyde was found to be significantly elevated showing a pro oxidant status in CRF patients
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