Агроэкологическое районирование многолетних культур базируется на их требованиях к погодным условиям в системе «генотип-среда» с учётом особенности адаптации каждой культуры в сортовом аспекте. Фенологический метод, основанный на взаимодействии растений с комплексом факторов, посредством множественной модели определяет влияние каждого фактора среды на величину урожая сортов культуры. Экологические показатели свидетельствуют о специфических реакциях сортов на изменения погодных условий. На основе вышеуказанных методов районирования агротерриторий влажных субтропиков обоснованы критерии оценки агроэкологических ресурсов зоны для культуры персика необходимых для прогноза размещения в горных условиях. Установлены адаптивные сорта для зоны: 'Саммерсет' (раннее созревание), 'Редхавен', 'Красная заря', 'лариса' (среднеспелые), 'Ветеран' (поздний).
The aim of the research is to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of agro-climatic factors of the humid subtropics of Russia on the yield of the industrial variety Hayward. The causal relationship between the value of variety Hayward yield and weather condition of the subtropics of Russia is revealed by multiple correlation-regression analysis over a 20-year period (2000-2019). Investment embedding in agrofi tocenosis creation of Actinidia allow effi ciently use the variety Hayward rather long time, considering its potential productivity, resistance to diseases and pests, quality of fruit, requirements to soil condition and pay-back period of the establishment of the planting. Long-term observations of productivity and modeling of the interaction of weather factor with yield of Hayward Actinidia deliciosa variety have shown the following: weather conditions of humid subtropics in the flowering phase of the crop are decisive for the year’s harvest size and are critical in their importance, since they refer to independent factors; unfavorable weather conditions in the Russian subtropics are repeated two years in a decade. At the same time, due to late spring frosts (-1,80 and -5 0 С) at the end of March – begin of April, young escapes perish, and against the background of a signifi cant deterioration in the conditions of pollination and fruit setting at temperatures above 30 0 C, abnormal pollen grains appear during flowering and the fertility decreases. At the late variety Hayward in such periods the yield forms 8-10 % from average (112.5 centers per hectare).
Corylus ponticaK. Koch is a valuable nut crop. The expediency of the crop’s large-scale cultivation calls for measuring the parameters of agroclimatic indicators, ranging in variability, intensity, and duration of their impact. Environmental factors were assessed using phenological techniques based on recording the flowering and fruiting dates, recognized as the function demonstrating the complex effect of these factors on the hazelnut yield throughout the crop’s perennial cycle. Climate change urges the selection of adaptable cultivars for such areas where limiting factors are turning into stressors. Dependence of hazel cultivars on climate indicators (air temperature and humidity, and total precipitation) was observed in the phases of harvest formation. The crop’s genotypic diversity contributed to the specific nature of the complex effect produced by environmental factors. Peculiar responses of hazel plants to weather conditions in both flowering and fruiting phases were instigated by the biology of their development. Flowering started in January and depended on air temperature and humidity. Fruiting was affected by air temperatures and precipitation amounts (in July/August). Dependencies between yield and weather were well expressed, with module values of 0.86–1.0 (p< 0.05). The effect size of limiting factors is better measured with the coefficient of determination (%), a direct indicator of the correlations between harvest and weather factors. Flowering (I–III) under unpredictable conditions is regarded as a “critical” stage in the ontogenesis of hazel trees. No less critical is the fruiting phase, occurring simultaneously with the setting and differentiation of generative organs for the next year’s yield.Registration of limiting factors and their variations over the perennial plant cycle made it possible to recommend cvs. ‘Cherkesskiy-2’, ‘Anastasiya’, ‘Kristina’ and ‘Viktoriya’ as adaptable to the subtropics of Krasnodar Territory.
length of vegetation of Actinidia deliciosa in growth conditions of humid subtropics of Russia was observed from march to the end of November. mathematical modeling was established: during the "flowering" phase, its yield is limited by precipitation and humidity; during the period of fruit development, irrigation is necessary, due to the specificity of water regime in the region. In the cold period (November-march), a pouring rains is observed here, in the warm period (april-October), especially in July-September, drought intervals of the summer season occur of different duration from 10 to 40 days, as a result soil moisture deficiency occurs. the study of drip irrigation under different irrigation regimes after reaching pre-threshold before normal humidity (90, 80, 70 %) revealed the greatest efficiency at watering 80 % of normal humidity, which increased yield of Actinidia deliciosa cultivar 'hayward' by 59 %.
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