Magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in collisional orogens are new targets for modern mineral exploration, yet it is unclear why they preferentially occur in some specific tectonic environments within these orogenic belts. We integrate geologic and geochemical data (especially zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotope data) for Mesozoic-Cenozoic magmatic rocks and associated ore deposits in the Lhasa terrane, a highly endowed tectonic unit within the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, and provide the first example in a continental collision terrane of the application of zircon Hf isotope data to image the lithospheric architecture and its relationship with ore deposits.Three crustal blocks are identified within the Lhasa terrane by the Hf isotope mapping method. They include a central long-lived Precambrian microcontinent with local reworking and two surrounding juvenile Phanerozoic crustal blocks with significant mantle contributions to constituent magmatic rocks. The three crustal blocks are bounded by two E-W-trending terrane-boundary faults, and each block is cut by two N-S-striking concealed faults. Isotopic signatures of zircons from the juvenile crustal blocks indicate that the Phanerozoic continental crust grew from several Mesozoic volcanic-plutonic arcs and by underplating of mantle-derived magmas generated during Mesozoic accretion and Cenozoic collision.Mesozoic subduction-related porphyry Cu-Au deposits and Cenozoic collision-related Cu-Mo deposits are exclusively located in regions with high eHf (>5) juvenile crust. Cu enrichment during differentiation of high fO 2 arc magmas is the key for the formation of Mesozoic subduction-related porphyry Cu-Au. By contrast, remelting of the lower crustal Cu sulfide-rich magmatic cumulates within the juvenile crust is interpreted to have played a key role in the formation of Cenozoic collision-related Cu-Mo deposits.Granite-related Pb-Zn deposits cluster in the oldest crustal regions or developed along the margin of the old crustal block bounded by lithospheric faults. The porphyry Mo deposits are localized along the reworked margins of the old crustal block. It is suggested that crustal reworking released Mo from the old crust to form porphyry Mo deposits, whereas leaching of Pb and Zn from the Paleozoic carbonate cover strata by felsic intrusion-driven fluids is critical to the formation of Pb-Zn ore deposits.Skarn Fe-Cu ore deposits are typically localized along a terrane boundary fault, i.e., lithospheric discontinuity, through which crust-derived felsic melt mixed with Cu-rich mantle-derived mafic magmas ascending upward. Associated granitoid rocks usually bear microgranular mafic enclaves and show a zircon Hf isotope array from negative to positive eHf values (-7.3 to +6.7), supporting mixing of juvenile mantle and evolved crustal sources.The Hf isotope maps show temporal-spatial relationships between crustal structure and the location of ore deposits, demonstrating that the structure, nature, and composition of the crust controlled the localization of ore deposits and ...

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A suite of lamprophyres, spatially associated with mafic lavas and potassic felsic intrusive rocks, was emplaced between 36.5 ± 0.2 and 33.7 ± 0.5 Ma (based on phlogopite 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating) on the eastern side of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone in the western Yangtze Craton. These shoshonitic and ultrapotassic intrusive rocks postdate the ~60-55 Ma collisional event between the Indian and the Asian continents. They are characterized by: (1) enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and light rare-earth elements with (La/Sm)n = 3.15-7.15; (2) strong positive Pb spikes; (3) depletion in high-field-strength elements (e.g. Nb/La = 0.08-0.98); (4) high initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (0.706-0.709) with negative εNd(t) values of-10.5 to-0.9; (5) old Nd model ages of 1542-945 Ma; and (6) radiogenic (207 Pb/ 204 Pb)i of 15.57-15.70 and (208 Pb/ 204 Pb)i (38.70-39.06). These features suggest that the mantle source was metasomatized by Proterozoic subduction beneath the Yangtze Craton. The lamprophyres have similar trace element patterns, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions, as coeval mafic lava, indicating a common source of metasomatized veined continental lithospheric mantle (CLM). Lower degree partial melting of metasomatic veins likely generated the lamprophyres, whereas the coeval mafic lava was likely derived from melting of phlogopite harzburgite. The lamprophyres and mafic lava have similar Sr-Nd isotope systematics as CLMderived Neoproterozoic mafic rocks and Late Permian Emeishan low-Ti basalt in the region, indicating that they share the same Proterozoic source. We envisage that mantle plumes thermally eroded the Proterozoic metasomatized CLM beneath the western part of the Yangtze Craton during 825-750 Ma and 260-250 Ma, although residual metasomatised domains remained before being tapped by delamination after the India-Asia continental collision during the Paleogene period.

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