Milk-ejection activity was determined in the blood plasma of ewes during normal milking and during milking when adrenaline was injected intravenously before or after udder stimulation. It was found that administration of adrenaline either before or after udder washing, decreased the oxytocin concentration and milk yield but increased the yield by hand-stripping. Adrenaline also retards the average time for peak oxytocin concentration. These results and the use of a /^-receptor blocker to inhibit the effect of adrenaline at the myoepithelial cell level indicate that in ewes adrenaline can prevent the release of oxytocin from neurohypophysis.
Fifty Polish Large White growing pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups (5 gilts and 5 barrows in each group) and fattened from 50 to 105 kg body weight. The experimental factors were gender and addition of vitamins C, E and β-carotene to the diets. All diets were supplemented with 0.5% CLA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were observed to decrease in pigs receiving combined vitamins C, E and β-carotene compared with pigs receiving a single supplement of β-carotene (P<0.05). In gilts the level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was significantly lower and the content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and PUFA was significantly higher than in barrows (P<0.01). A high significant difference (P<0.01) was also found between gilts and barrows in the PUFA/SFA ratio. The CLA concentration was significantly higher in gilts than in barrows (P<0.05). Highly significant sex-dependent differences were found in the content of crude fat, which was significantly lower (P<0.01) in gilts than in barrows. The pH of meat 24 h post-mortem was 5.44 in gilts and 5.55 in barrows (P<0.01). Yellowness (b*) was found to decrease in all experimental groups compared with the control group (P<0.01). There was a tendency towards a lower concentration of tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) after 3-month storage of frozen meat in the group receiving supplemental vitamin E and combined vitamins C, E and β-carotene compared with the group receiving β-carotene alone (P<0.05). The vitamin supplements caused significant changes in the vitamin E content of meat *
Twenty-four Polish Landrace pigs were fed a standard, complete pelleted diet with free access to water. All of the animals were slaughtered at 108 kg BW and their blood was sampled. During dissection, samples of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) were taken. Serum leptin concentrations were determined by a radioimmunoassay, and the physicochemical and sensory traits of the meat were assayed. The results were categorized into groups with low (<3 ng/ml) or high (>5 ng/ml) leptin concentrations. The serum concentration of leptin had no effect on fattening performance or carcass quality. The animals with a higher leptin concentration showed 1% better meatiness, as reflected in the higher content of ham. No differences in the physicochemical or sensory characteristics of meat were found.
42 Large Polish White x Polish Landrace sows in the 3 rd and 4th reproductive cycle were divided into four groups. The sows were fed completed pelleted feeds with free access to water. The 2% or 4% sunflower oil (for control groups) and 2 or 4% CLA oil (for experimental groups), were added to the feeds for groups from 90th day of gestation to the parturition. CLA oil contained 61% CLA isomers (EDENOR UKD 6010, Henkel). Colostrum and milk samples (100 ml) were taken 24 hours after placental expulsion and at the 8th and 21 st days of lactation. The fat supplements were found to have no effect on the dry mater, fat, protein and ash content of sows' milk. The colostrum of sows given the dietary 4% supplement of CLA contained more lactose (p< 0.05). Significant differences in quantity of CLA in colostrum, the same for sows receiving in the diet 2% as 4% addition of CLA were observed (p<0.01). Significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed also in 8th of lactation. In both colostrum and milk samples from sows getting the addition of CLA in fodder decreasing tendencies of the content of unsaturated fatty acids -UF A, and increasing tendencies of the content of monounsaturated fatty acids -MUFA (p<0.05). The effect of studied factors in milk samples taken in 21 day of lactation was not observed.
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